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Sulcus vocalis

Definition -a long thin groove running lengthwise along
the free edge of the vocal fold
involve all or any segment of the edge of the fold

Classifications

Type I sulcus or superficial type superficial portion of the lamina propria Physiologic

Type IIa(II) sulcus or deep type (sulcus vergeture) disappearance of a functional superficial lamina propria with
extension to the vocal ligament

Type IIb(III) or “pouch” type (true sulcus)Bottom of the pouch extends to the vocal ligament and may
even penetrate the thyro-arytenoid muscle severe dysphonia

Pathophysiology

alters the relationship between the body of the fold and its cover
inhibits normal propagation of the mucosal wave
An increase in the density of collagen fibers is observed around the sulcus the main features “bowed” or “curved” vocal folds
enhanced stiffness glottic incompetenceair leakage through the midline of the anterior two-thirds hypertonia of the ventricular folds in some cases strained quality with vocal fatigue and laryngeal dysesthesia high pitch disturbances, little voice adaptability, low intensity with difficulty speaking loudly, typical tone change (husky, breathy, strained), increased tension in the laryngeal muscles.