sql vs nosql explained in 4 minutes

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sure! let's dive into the differences between sql (structured query language) and nosql (not only sql) databases, along with some examples. this tutorial is designed to be concise and informative, fitting within a 4-minute read.

overview of sql vs nosql

*sql databases:*

**definition**: sql databases are relational databases that use structured query language for defining and manipulating data.
**structure**: they have a predefined schema, meaning the structure of the data is defined before inserting it into the database (tables, rows, columns).
**examples**: mysql, postgresql, oracle, sql server.

*nosql databases:*

**definition**: nosql databases are non-relational databases designed for unstructured or semi-structured data. they provide flexible schemas.
**structure**: they can store data in various formats such as key-value pairs, document-based, column-family, or graph-based structures.
**examples**: mongodb, cassandra, redis, neo4j.

key differences

1. *schema:*
**sql**: fixed schema, requires migration for changes.
**nosql**: flexible schema, can handle varying data structures.

2. *data representation:*
**sql**: tables with rows and columns.
**nosql**: various formats like documents (json), key-value pairs, wide-column stores, or graphs.

3. *scalability:*
**sql**: vertically scalable (scale-up).
**nosql**: horizontally scalable (scale-out).

4. *transactions:*
**sql**: acid compliance (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability).
**nosql**: base model (basically available, soft state, eventually consistent).

5. *use cases:*
**sql**: ideal for structured data, complex queries, and transactions (e.g., financial systems).
**nosql**: best for unstructured data, large volumes of data, and real-time applications (e.g., social media).

code examples

sql example (using mysql)

*creating a table:*

```sql
create table users (
id int auto_increment primary key,
username ...

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SQL NoSQL database comparison relational databases document stores key-value stores data modeling scalability schema flexibility query languages performance consistency ACID transactions CAP theorem