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1940 A SOFTWARE TEAM ONLY WITH WOMEN INTERESTING SOFTWARE FACTS | InterviewDOT

ENIAC 6: The All-Women Software Pioneers of the 1940s

The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer, developed during World War II. While its massive size and revolutionary capabilities garnered attention, the unsung heroes behind its success were six women: **Kay McNulty, Betty Jennings, Betty Snyder, Marlyn Wescoff, Fran Bilas, and Ruth Lichterman**. These women formed the first team of computer programmers, making groundbreaking contributions to computing history.

#### *Who Were the ENIAC Six?*
1. *Kay McNulty (later Kay Mauchly Antonelli):* Known for her mathematical brilliance, Kay helped design and troubleshoot programs.
2. *Betty Jennings (later Betty Holberton):* A visionary who later contributed to the development of the first programming languages.
3. *Betty Snyder (later Betty Jean Bartik):* Played a critical role in debugging and improving the ENIAC’s functionality.
4. *Marlyn Wescoff Meltzer:* Focused on preparing and testing programs for ENIAC operations.
5. *Fran Bilas:* Specialized in setting up complex calculations and monitoring operations.
6. *Ruth Lichterman Teitelbaum:* Worked on wiring and programming sequences for ballistic computations.

#### *Key Contributions*
1. *Programming Without Manuals:* These women programmed ENIAC without formal documentation or programming languages. They relied on mathematics and innovation to figure out the machine's operations.
2. *Ballistics Calculations:* They created programs for military applications, particularly ballistic trajectory calculations, which helped the U.S. Army during WWII.
3. *Physical Programming:* Unlike today’s coding, programming the ENIAC involved physically connecting wires and flipping switches to set up operations.
4. *Debugging Pioneers:* The team meticulously debugged their work to ensure accurate computations, setting early standards for software reliability.

#### *Why Their Work Was Revolutionary*
*Foundation for Software Engineering:* These women were among the first to conceptualize programming as a distinct discipline, laying the groundwork for modern software development.
*Breaking Stereotypes:* At a time when women were often excluded from technical roles, the ENIAC Six shattered barriers and demonstrated exceptional technical aptitude.
*Historical Impact:* Their work influenced subsequent computers and programming languages, such as FORTRAN and COBOL.

#### *Interesting Facts*
1. *ENIAC Size:* The ENIAC weighed 27 tons and took up 1,800 square feet, yet it relied on these women for its groundbreaking functionality.
2. *Uncredited Pioneers:* Initially, their contributions were overlooked, and their pivotal role was recognized only decades later.
3. *Women in Tech Movement:* The ENIAC Six are now celebrated as trailblazers for women in technology.

#### *Legacy*
The ENIAC Six remain an inspiring example of perseverance and innovation in the tech industry. Their achievements remind us that programming is as much an art as it is a science, built on the ingenuity and dedication of those who push boundaries. Recognizing their contributions sheds light on the critical role women have played in the evolution of computing.