Скачать или смотреть Lecture No 9 UPPER RESPIRATRY TRACT DISORDER SINUSITIS AND OTITIS MEDIA

Otitis Media
Otitis media is an infection or inflammation of the middle ear (the air-filled space behind the eardrum). It is most common in children but can also affect adults.
Causes
Usually follows a common cold, flu, or upper respiratory infection
Caused by bacteria or viruses
Blockage of the Eustachian tube (which connects the middle ear to the throat)
Types
Acute Otitis Media (AOM) – Sudden infection with pain and fever
Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) – Fluid in the middle ear without active infection
Chronic Otitis Media – Long-term or repeated infections
Symptoms
Ear pain (otalgia)
Fever
Hearing difficulty
Fluid drainage from the ear
Irritability in children
Feeling of fullness in the ear
Complications (if untreated)
Hearing loss
Ruptured eardrum
Spread of infection (rare but serious)
Treatment
Pain relievers (paracetamol/ibuprofen)
Antibiotics (if bacterial and severe)
Warm compress
In recurrent cases, insertion of ear tubes (tympanostomy tubes)
Sinusitis
Sinusitis is inflammation or infection of the paranasal sinuses (air-filled cavities in the skull around the nose).
Causes
Viral infections (most common)
Bacterial infection
Allergies
Nasal polyps
Deviated nasal septum
Types
Acute sinusitis – Lasts less than 4 weeks
Subacute sinusitis – 4–12 weeks
Chronic sinusitis – More than 12 weeks
Recurrent sinusitis – Several episodes per year
Symptoms
Facial pain or pressure
Nasal congestion
Thick yellow/green nasal discharge
Headache
Reduced sense of smell
Fever
Postnasal drip
Cough (especially at night)