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java unit test coverage tutorial

unit testing is an essential part of software development that helps ensure your code works as intended. code coverage is a measure used to determine the percentage of your code that is executed while running tests. this tutorial will cover how to measure unit test coverage in java using popular tools such as junit and jacoco.

#### prerequisites

basic knowledge of java
an ide (like intellij idea or eclipse)
maven or gradle for dependency management

step 1: set up your java project

create a simple java project. for this example, we’ll use maven.

#### `pom.xml`

here’s a sample `pom.xml` with junit and jacoco dependencies:



step 2: create a sample java class

create a simple java class that we will test. for example, create a file named `calculator.java` in the `src/main/java/com/example` directory:



step 3: write unit tests

now, let’s write some unit tests for the `calculator` class. create a file named `calculatortest.java` in the `src/test/java/com/example` directory:



step 4: run your tests and generate coverage report

to run your tests and generate a coverage report, execute the following command in your project root directory:



after the tests run, jacoco will generate a coverage report in the `target/site/jacoco` directory.

step 5: view the coverage report

open the `index.html` file located in `target/site/jacoco`. this report will show you:

the percentage of lines covered by tests
which lines were executed and which were not
coverage for each method and class

conclusion

you have now learned how to set up unit test coverage in a java project using junit and jacoco. regularly checking your test coverage helps maintain the quality of your codebase and ensures that your tests are thorough.

best practices

1. **aim for a high coverage percentage**: while 100% coverage isn't always necessary, aim for a reasonable percentage (e.g., 80%).
2. **focus on critical paths**: ...

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