Скачать или смотреть 89 LYMPH NODES AND VESSELS, IMMUNE FILTRATION AND CIRCULATION

Lymph nodes and vessels are central to the lymphatic system, working together to support immune defense and maintain fluid balance. Lymph nodes function as biological filters, trapping pathogens, debris, and abnormal cells in lymph fluid. Inside, lymphocytes and macrophages attack and destroy invaders. During infection, nodes can swell due to increased immune activity. Lymphatic vessels begin as tiny capillaries, merging into larger vessels with valves that prevent backflow, ensuring one-way flow toward the heart. Muscle movement and body motion help propel lymph through the vessels. As lymph travels, it passes through multiple nodes for repeated filtration. The largest vessels—the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct—drain clean lymph into veins near the heart. This system plays a critical role in monitoring infection, filtering harmful agents, and ensuring proper circulation of immune cells.

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