Rotterdam is the second-largest city in the Netherlands after the national capital of Amsterdam. It is in the province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the "New Meuse" inland shipping channel, dug to connect to the Meuse at first and now to the Rhine.
Rotterdam's history goes back to 1270, when a dam was constructed in the Rotte. In 1340, Rotterdam was granted city rights by William IV, Count of Holland. The Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area, with a population of approximately 2.7 million, is the 10th-largest in the European Union and the most populous in the country.
A major logistic and economic centre, Rotterdam is Europe's largest seaport. In 2022, Rotterdam had a population of 655,468 and is home to over 180 different nationalities.
Rotterdam is known for its university, riverside setting, lively cultural life, maritime heritage and modern architecture. The near-complete destruction of the city centre during the World War II German bombing has resulted in a varied architectural landscape, including skyscrapers designed by architects such as Rem Koolhaas, Piet Blom and Ben van Berkel.
The Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt give waterway access into the heart of Western Europe, including the highly industrialized Ruhr. The extensive distribution system including rail, roads, and waterways have earned Rotterdam the nicknames "Gateway to Europe" and "Gateway to the World".
Transportation
Rotterdam offers connections by international, national, regional and local public transport systems, as well as by the Dutch motorway network.
Motorways
There are several motorways to/from Rotterdam. The following four are part of its 'Ring' (ring road):
A20 (Ring North): Hook of Holland – Rotterdam – Gouda
A16 (Ring East): Rotterdam – Breda (– Antwerp – Paris)
A15 (Ring South): Europoort – Rotterdam – Nijmegen
A4 (Ring West): Rotterdam – The Hague (– Amsterdam)
The following two other motorways also serve Rotterdam:
A13 (Amsterdam –): The Hague – Delft – Rotterdam
A29 (Antwerp –): Bergen op Zoom – Rotterdam
Airport
Much smaller than the international hub Schiphol Airport, Rotterdam The Hague Airport (formerly known as Zestienhoven) is the third-largest airport in the country, behind Schiphol Airport and Eindhoven Airport. Located north of the city, it has shown solid growth over the past five years, mostly caused by the growth of the low-cost carrier market. For business travellers, Rotterdam The Hague Airport offers advantages in terms of rapid handling of passengers and baggage. Environmental regulations make further growth uncertain.
Train
Rotterdam is well connected to the Dutch railway network, and has several international connections:
Southern direction Dordrecht, Breda, Eindhoven, Flushing (Vlissingen) (also international trains to Belgium/France)
Western direction Hook of Holland (reopened as a metro line in 2019)
North-Western direction The Hague, Leiden, Amsterdam
Northern direction (high-speed rail) Schiphol, Amsterdam
North-Eastern direction Utrecht and further
A fifth alternative train system to the Hague, the Hofplein Line was converted to the light rail system Randstadrail in 2006.
The city is often mentioned as the terminus of the Eurasian Land Bridge.
Railway stations
Rotterdam Centraal – Rotterdam's main station
Rotterdam Alexander – Eastern part of Rotterdam
Rotterdam Blaak – Close to the centre of Rotterdam
Rotterdam Lombardijen – Most Southern part of Rotterdam
Rotterdam Noord – Northern part of Rotterdam
Rotterdam Zuid – Northern part of the Southern part of Rotterdam
Rotterdam Stadion – A station near the Feyenoord stadium, open in connection with football matches and music concerts
The main connections:
Direct international services to Belgium and France via high-speed train system: Thalys
International trains to the south of France and London via the Eurostar[110]
Frequent international trains to Antwerp and Brussels, Belgium
Frequent services within the Netherlands:
Intercity line to The Hague, Leiden, Schiphol airport and Amsterdam (north)
Intercity line to Utrecht and on to Deventer or Enschede (the east), Leeuwarden (north-west) or Groningen (north-east)
Intercity line to Dordrecht, Roosendaal and on to Vlissingen (south west)
Intercity line to Dordrecht, Breda, Tilburg, Eindhoven and Venlo (south east)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam
Filmed in September 2024.
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