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A detailed guide on creating an executable `.jar` file using Maven, incorporating local external libraries without the need for an IDE. Learn the step-by-step process here!
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How to Create an Executable .JAR File Using Maven with Local External Libraries

Creating Java applications can be a rewarding endeavor, especially when one doesn't rely on an Integrated Development Environment (IDE). However, navigating the world of dependencies and packaging can often feel daunting. If you’re learning Java and find yourself wanting to create an executable .jar file with local external libraries using Maven, you're in the right place.

In this guide, we'll walk through the process step-by-step to ensure you can effectively build your project from the ground up without the hassle of an IDE.

What's the Problem?

You’ve built a simple Java project that uses Swing for its graphical interface. Your goal is to package this project into an executable .jar file while also incorporating some local libraries. However, after including your dependencies and plugins in the pom.xml, you find that the executable .jar does not function as expected when run. This can be frustrating, but let’s break down the solution to resolve this issue.

Step-by-Step Solution

1. Adding Local Dependencies

To include an external library within your project, you’ll need to declare it in your pom.xml file. Here’s how to do it:

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Key Points:

Make sure to set the correct path to your .jar file and include the version number.

The ${basedir} refers to the directory of your project.

2. Configuring Plugins

To ensure your .jar is executable and contains all necessary dependencies, you'll need to configure two plugins:

a. Maven Dependency Plugin

This plugin copies your dependencies into the target directory. To add this to your pom.xml, include the following:

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b. Maven Jar Plugin

This plugin makes your .jar executable. Use the following configuration:

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Summary of Plugin Configuration:

The maven-dependency-plugin copies all the dependencies to a specified folder (in this case, lib/).

The maven-jar-plugin specifies which class should be executed when the .jar is launched and includes the path to your dependencies.

3. Building the Project

With the above configurations in place, you can build your project by running:

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This command prepares your project and packages it into a .jar file located in the target directory.

4. Running the Executable Jar

After successfully building the project, you should be able to run your executable .jar from the command line with:

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Common Issues

If you encounter problems running the .jar, consider checking:

The paths to your dependencies.

That the mainClass specified in the manifest corresponds correctly to the main class of your application.

Any runtime exceptions that may arise from misconfigured dependencies.

Conclusion

Creating an executable .jar file using Maven without an IDE can be straightforward if you follow the right steps. By correctly configuring your pom.xml to include dependencies and set up necessary plugins, you can effectively package your Java applications.

Now you should be well-equipped to create your own executable .jar files, empowering your Java learning journey without relying on IDEs!

Feel free to follow this guide and share your experiences as you work on your Java projects. Happy coding!