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Metadata is information about information: more precisely, it's structured information about resources. It can be as simple as an author's name or as complex as a geographic code or a controlled-vocabulary subject heading. Library catalogs are remote meta data, as are book reviews, indexes to art collections and summaries. Some document formats allow metadata to be incorporated into documents or records

Metadata generally uses a more controlled vocabulary and it provides the context of the words, so it provides more scope for locating useful information with the best recall and precision. For example, metadata can indicate whether an article containing the name "Tim Berners-Lee" is by him or about him, which can often be valuable to searchers. Standard date formats allow for accurate date range searching and sorting. Metadata can be an interface between internal codes and human-readable names, letting people find information the way they want it, rather than the way applications manage it.
metadata search tool
Many content management and publishing systems provide metadata tools, which allow authors, editors, and librarians to add appropriate entries more easily, and use standard vocabulary and formatting. However, this is not yet a standard part of web publishing.

Metadata on most sites has significant limits: many documents lack metadata, few search engines recognize additional metadata fields or tags, there is no way to tell if the metadata is accurate, misspellings and typos are common, word meanings change over time, and choosing accurate keywords and categories is difficult. Editing and managing metadata requires a significant investment of resources.

All this makes metadata or keyword search engines, which search only the assigned key words rather than the text of a document, much less useful and valuable than fulltext search engines. When full text search engines index metadata content and use it to improve search rankings, this is the best of both worlds.