How to Delineate Watershed using DEM data in ArcGIS Pro

How to Delineate Watershed using DEM data in ArcGIS Pro

Download DEM (USGS): Obtain the Digital Elevation Model DEM data from the United States Geological Survey USGS or another reliable source. The DEM represents the elevation values of the terrain.

Mosaic DEM: If your study area is larger than a single DEM tile, mosaic multiple DEM tiles together to create a seamless and continuous representation of the entire area.
Project DEM: Ensure that the DEM is in the correct coordinate system for your analysis by projecting it to the desired coordinate system. This step is important for accurate spatial analysis.

Fill DEM: Fill sinks or depressions in the DEM to remove artificial low points that could affect the accuracy of flow accumulation and watershed delineation.

Flow Direction: Generate a flow direction raster, which assigns a direction to each cell based on the steepest downward slope. This information is essential for understanding the flow of water across the terrain.

Flow Accumulation: Create a flow accumulation raster that calculates the accumulated flow for each cell by summing the contributing flow from upstream cells. This raster helps identify areas of high water accumulation.

Raster Calculator: Use the Raster Calculator to create a binary raster by setting a threshold value on the flow accumulation raster. For example, using the expression will assign a value of 1 to cells with a flow accumulation greater than or equal to 500 and 0 to the remaining cells.

Stream Order: Determine the stream order by analyzing the stream network based on the flow accumulation values. Stream order represents the hierarchy of streams within the watershed.

Stream to Feature: Convert the stream network from raster to vector format using the "Stream to Feature" tool. This step allows for further analysis and visualization of the streams.

Create Basin: Generate the watershed boundaries by creating basins from the flow accumulation raster. Each basin represents a distinct watershed or drainage area.

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