Скачать или смотреть Basic Principles of Laparoscopic Surgery | Prof Sajida Qureshi | Dow Medical College | Colocon 2022

Topics - Basic Principles of Laparoscopic Surgery
Speaker - Prof Sajida Qureshi
Professor of Surgery
Dow Medical College
Advance Laparosocpy Skills and GI stapler Worksh
Colocon 2022


Laparoscopic surgery, also known as minimally invasive surgery or keyhole surgery, is a surgical technique that uses small incisions and specialized instruments to perform various procedures. It offers several advantages over traditional open surgery, including reduced pain, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery times. Here are some basic principles of laparoscopic surgery:

1. Small Incisions: Instead of a large, open incision, laparoscopic surgery involves making several small incisions (usually 0.5 to 1.5 centimeters in length) in the patient's abdomen. These incisions are used to insert trocars or cannulas, which act as ports for the laparoscopic instruments and the camera.

2. Pneumoperitoneum: Before surgery begins, the abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide gas to create a pneumoperitoneum. This provides space for the surgeon to work and improves visibility within the abdominal cavity.

3. Laparoscope: A laparoscope is a long, thin, fiber-optic camera that is inserted through one of the incisions. It allows the surgeon to view the internal organs on a monitor in real-time. The camera's high-quality imaging helps guide the surgical procedure.

4. Specialized Instruments: Various specialized laparoscopic instruments are used, such as graspers, scissors, dissectors, and energy devices (e.g., electrosurgical or ultrasonic devices). These instruments are inserted through the other incisions and manipulated by the surgeon to perform the surgery.

5. Minimized Tissue Trauma: Laparoscopic surgery minimizes tissue damage and trauma compared to open surgery. It is associated with less pain, a smaller risk of infection, and shorter recovery times.

6. Precision and Visualization: Laparoscopic surgeons rely on high-resolution video images from the camera to navigate and manipulate tissues and organs. The 3D visualization and precise control of instruments enhance the surgeon's capabilities.

7. Laparoscopic Techniques: Several laparoscopic techniques are commonly used, including laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal), laparoscopic appendectomy (appendix removal), laparoscopic hernia repair, and laparoscopic colectomy (removal of part of the colon). The choice of technique depends on the specific surgical procedure required.

8. Patient Positioning: Patients are usually placed in a specific position to facilitate access to the surgical site and to allow gravity to help move the organs away from the area of interest. Trendelenburg position (head down) is commonly used to create better access to the pelvic and abdominal organs.

9. Surgeon Experience: Laparoscopic surgery requires specialized training and experience. Surgeons must become proficient in using the instruments and camera, as well as adapting to the challenges of a smaller operating field.

10. Postoperative Care: After laparoscopic surgery, patients generally experience less pain and shorter hospital stays compared to open surgery. However, they should follow postoperative care instructions, including wound care, activity restrictions, and medication management, to ensure a smooth recovery.

It's important to note that not all surgeries are suitable for the laparoscopic approach, and the choice between open and laparoscopic surgery depends on the patient's specific condition and the surgeon's expertise. Laparoscopic surgery has revolutionized many surgical procedures and continues to be a valuable option for patients and healthcare providers.