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an essential guide to javascript cookies

cookies are small text files that websites store on a user's computer to remember information about them, such as login details, preferences, shopping cart items, or browsing history. they're a fundamental part of web development, enabling stateful behavior in a stateless environment (http). while newer technologies like local storage and session storage are often preferred for storing larger amounts of data and sensitive information, understanding cookies remains crucial, especially when dealing with legacy systems, tracking, and specific advertising scenarios.

this tutorial will provide a comprehensive overview of javascript cookies, covering everything from their basic syntax and usage to advanced techniques and best practices.

*1. what are cookies and why use them?*

*definition:* a cookie is a small piece of data (usually text) that a web server sends to a user's web browser. the browser may store it and send it back to the same server with later requests. cookies were designed to be a reliable mechanism for websites to remember stateful information or to record the user's browsing activity (including clicking particular buttons, logging in, or recording which pages were visited in the past).

*key features:*
*storage:* cookies are stored on the user's computer, making the data persistent across browser sessions (unless configured to be session cookies).
*size limit:* cookies have a limited size, typically around 4kb (4096 bytes) per cookie. exceeding this limit can lead to unexpected behavior.
*domain association:* cookies are associated with a specific domain. this prevents one website from accessing cookies set by another website (with some exceptions like subdomains).
*expiration:* cookies can be set to expire at a specific date and time, or they can be session cookies, which expire when the browser is closed.
*accessibility:* cookies can be accessed and m ...

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