Скачать или смотреть Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action | Wikipedia audio article

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_C...


00:04:36 1 Background
00:22:08 2 Negotiations
00:26:52 2.1 Signatories
00:27:02 2.2 Resolution
00:28:17 3 Summary of provisions
00:28:43 3.1 Nuclear
00:41:09 3.2 Exemptions
00:42:30 3.3 Sanctions
00:48:38 3.4 15 year term
00:49:29 4 Records
00:54:05 5 Reactions
00:54:15 6 Process
00:54:24 6.1 Incorporated into international law by the United Nations Security Council
00:57:14 6.2 Approved by European Union
00:58:10 6.3 Review period in the United States Congress
01:01:29 6.3.1 Obama administration
01:14:27 6.3.2 Public debate
01:48:31 6.3.3 Congressional committee hearings
02:04:23 6.3.4 Congressional support and opposition
02:14:52 6.3.5 Congressional votes
02:22:50 6.4 Review period in Iran
02:32:19 6.5 Adoption Day
02:33:03 6.6 Implementation Day
02:34:16 7 Deterring Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons
02:40:33 8 Aftermath
02:40:42 9 Legal Status
02:41:56 10 Denial of Re-certification
02:44:48 10.1 US withdrawal
02:46:02 10.2 Consequences of US withdrawal
02:47:04 10.3 Ali Khamenei's conditions for Europe to preserve the JCPOA
02:47:54 11 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA; Persian: برنامه جامع اقدام مشترک‎, translit. barnāmeye jāme'e eqdāme moshtarak, acronym: برجام BARJAM), known commonly as the Iran nuclear deal or Iran deal, is an agreement on the Iranian nuclear program reached in Vienna on 14 July 2015 between Iran, the P5+1 (the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council—China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States—plus Germany), and the European Union.
Formal negotiations toward JCPOA began with the adoption of the Joint Plan of Action, an interim agreement signed between Iran and the P5+1 countries in November 2013. For the next twenty months, Iran and the P5+1 countries engaged in negotiations, and in April 2015 agreed on an Iran nuclear deal framework for the final agreement. In July 2015, Iran and the P5+1 confirmed agreement on the plan along with the "Roadmap Agreement" made between Iran and the IAEA.Under JCPOA, Iran agreed to eliminate its stockpile of medium-enriched uranium, cut its stockpile of low-enriched uranium by 98%, and reduce by about two-thirds the number of its gas centrifuges for 13 years. For the next 15 years, Iran will only enrich uranium up to 3.67%. Iran also agreed not to build any new heavy-water facilities for the same period of time. Uranium-enrichment activities will be limited to a single facility using first-generation centrifuges for 10 years. Other facilities will be converted to avoid proliferation risks. To monitor and verify Iran's compliance with the agreement, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) will have regular access to all Iranian nuclear facilities. The agreement provides that in return for verifiably abiding by its commitments, Iran will receive relief from U.S., European Union, and United Nations Security Council nuclear-related sanctions.
On 13 October 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump announced that the United States would not make the certification provided for under U.S. domestic law, but stopped short of terminating the deal.IAEA inspectors spend 3,000 calendar days per year in Iran, installing tamper-proof seals and collecting surveillance camera photos, measurement data and documents for further analysis. IAEA Director Yukiya Amano stated (in March 2018) that the organization has verified that Iran is implementing its nuclear-related commitments. On 30 April 2018, the United States and Israel stated that Iran did not disclose a past covert nuclear weapons program to the IAEA, which was required in the 2015 deal.On 8 May 2018, President Trump announced United States withdrawal from JCPOA. Following th ...