Скачать или смотреть What are the shortcomings of the Western methods to ESL/EFL contexts? How we design appropriate

What are the shortcomings of the Western methods related to ESL/EFL contexts? How can we design appropriate methodology for our context?


Ans.

Problems with Western Methods in ESL/EFL Contexts:

1. Cultural Differences:

Western teaching methods often focus on open communication and student participation. However, in some cultures, students are used to listening quietly to the teacher and may feel shy or uncomfortable speaking up in class.

Example: In many Asian countries, students prefer teacher-led lessons and may find it strange to speak freely or argue in class, as it is not part of their culture.



2. Too Much Focus on Speaking:

Western methods like Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) focus more on speaking and communication skills. But in many countries, exams test grammar, reading, and writing more than speaking. This can be a problem if students need to pass exams where writing and grammar are more important.

In some places, making mistakes in grammar is seen as a big problem, so students feel uncomfortable if they cannot speak perfectly.



3. Big Classes and Few Resources:

Western methods often work best in small classes with lots of resources (like computers, audio systems, etc.). However, in many countries, classes are big, and schools do not have enough tools or materials.

Example: In some rural areas, there are 40 or more students in one class, and there may be no computers or audio equipment to support teaching methods like Total Physical Response (TPR) or the Silent Way.



4. Different Learning Styles:

Western methods encourage students to learn by themselves or work in groups. However, in some cultures, students prefer the teacher to explain everything. They are used to more structured and controlled learning where the teacher is the main source of knowledge.

Students may find it difficult or confusing to learn by themselves if they are used to teachers giving all the answers.



5. Mismatch with Exam Systems:

In many non-Western countries, exams test grammar, writing, and reading skills more than speaking. Western methods focus on communication, so students may not do well in exams even if they can speak well. They need to learn the specific skills needed for their tests, which are often not covered by Western methods.




How to Create a Better Teaching Method for Local Contexts:

1. Mix Methods: Use both Western methods and traditional teaching. Focus on speaking and communication, but also teach grammar and writing, especially if exams are important in the local system.


2. Cultural Sensitivity: Adapt teaching methods to the culture of the students. For example, if students are shy about speaking, start with more teacher-led activities and slowly introduce group discussions or role-plays.


3. Adapt to Class Sizes and Resources: Use simple and practical activities that can be done in large classes with few materials. Teachers can give group tasks or use basic tools like blackboards and paper instead of relying on technology.


4. Consider Learning Styles: Some students prefer a clear structure and teacher guidance. Teachers should explain new topics clearly and then allow students to practice on their own in small steps, so they don't feel lost.


5. Prepare for Exams: If students need to pass grammar-focused exams, teachers should balance communicative activities with grammar exercises. This way, students improve their speaking skills and can also succeed in their tests.



By combining different methods and focusing on the needs of the students, teachers can create an approach that works better for the local context.