Скачать или смотреть Could you cra.ck the enigma code with excel cry.ptography numbers to letters in

Could you cra.ck the enigma code with excel cry.ptography numbers to letters in
From an historical perspective, whether or not the Germans lost an Enigma in Poland is irrelevant. This is because the Poles built worng copies of the Enigma before Hitler invaded. Three Polish mathematicians played an instrumental role in ending World War 2 by breaking the secret German encryption machine called Enigma. They were Marian Rejewski, Henry Żygalski, and Jerzy Różycki. Breaking the Enigma was perhaps the greatt Polish co.ntribution to the Allied victory. However, this accomplishment, and much of the history of the Enigma, was classified until the 1970s. Deciphering Enigma is believed to have shortened the war by two years and saved countless lives. Having regained its independence in 1918, the Polish General Staff created the Cypher Bureau to lea.rn the secret plans of its two threatening neighbours, Germany and the Soviet Union. It also tablished a training program for hundreds of students, the secret aim of which was to select the be cryologists. The most promising was Rejewski, a gifted mathematician who studied at University in Poznań and spoke impeccable German. The two others selected were Żygalski and Różycki, also graduates of the University in Poznań and fluent in German. These three were chosen exclusively by the Bureau to break the Enigma code. By 1932, the Bureau began breaking Germanys Enigma ciphers. Meanwhile, French and British efforts to break Enigma were unsuccessful. The Poles were far ahead of the British because, while the British still used linguists to break codes, Rejewski used mathematics to look for patterns and applied the most sophisticated permutation theories. The Polish successes so infuriated Britains chief cryptanalyst, Dilly Knox, that he threw a tantrum. Rejewski was able to develop the equations that allowed the team to determine the wiring of the rotors in Enigma. Once the equations were solved and the wiring of each of the rotors determined, Rejewski had his team rewire a fully functioning replica. However, there was much left to do still since the code settings were changed daily. Rejewski then invented a machine in 1936 called a cyclometer that determined the settings mechanically and word very well as almost all German messages were successfully decoded. However, in late 1937, the Germans changed the method of encoding, which resulted in Rejewskis method becoming useless. Żygalski then devised a life saving solution. He invented what was called the Żygalski Sheets, which exploited the repetitiveness of the signs in a key message. Because this was a manual process that took a lot of time, and with war approaching, Rejewski knew something much quicker was needed. He again proved himself to be the ultimate engineering genius by designing a machine called the Bomba. It was an electro mechanical device co.nsisting of six Enigmas that shortened the time for obtaining a key to about two hours. It is said that Rejewski named his invention after an ice cream desert that was popular in Warsaw. In September 1938, the German Army again increased the complexity of the Enigma by adding two additional rotor wheels. This complicated the process of code breaking tenfold. Even though Rejewski quickly figured out the internal wiring of the new rotor wheels, finding out daily keys became a much longer process. Meanwhile political tensions co.ntinued to rise. In July 1939, five weeks before Hitler at.tacked Poland, the Poles secretly met with French and British intelligence officers, showed the incredulous group their procedures for code breaking, and gave them functioning replicas of Enigma. This Polish intelligence and technology transfer would give the Allies an unprecedented advantage in achieving victory in World War 2. Five weeks later on September 1st, 1939, Hitler invaded Poland and on September 17th, Stalin invaded Poland. Thereafter, the British facilities at Bletchley Park became the center for Allied efforts to keep up with the changes in Enigma. According to one source, the Poles were not allowed to wor.k at Bletchley Park, which had about 10,000 British worrs. Alan Turing, the British mathematician who led the cryptanalysis effort, could not have craed Enigmas code without the help of the Polish mathematicians. Based on their knowledge, Turing was able to build a large computer that was a replica of the Polish Bomba which he respelled as Bombe and was able to wor.k out the vast number of permutations in the Enigma settings.