learn the art of debugging from ex microsoft tanay pratap hindi

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certainly! debugging is an essential skill for software developers, and learning it effectively can significantly improve your coding efficiency and reduce frustration. while i can't provide a direct tutorial from tanay pratap, i can summarize key concepts and techniques in debugging, along with code examples.

the art of debugging

1. understand the problem

before you start debugging, it's crucial to understand the problem you're facing. this might involve reproducing the error, understanding the expected behavior, and identifying where the code deviates from that expectation.

2. read the error messages

error messages can provide invaluable information. they often include the type of error, the line number, and sometimes a stack trace that shows the sequence of function calls leading to the error.

3. use print statements

one of the simplest and most effective ways to debug is to use print statements. by strategically placing print statements throughout your code, you can track the flow of execution and the values of variables at different stages.

*example in python:*

```python
def divide(a, b):
print(f"dividing {a} by {b}")
return a / b

result = divide(10, 2)
print(f"result: {result}")

this will throw an error
result = divide(10, 0)
print(f"result: {result}")
```

4. use a debugger

most development environments come with built-in debuggers. a debugger allows you to set breakpoints, step through code line by line, and inspect variable values at each step.

*example using python's pdb module:*

```python
import pdb

def buggy_function(x):
pdb.set_trace() set a breakpoint
return x / (x - 1)

buggy_function(1) this will raise a zerodivisionerror
```

when you run the above code, execution will pause at the `pdb.set_trace()` line, allowing you to inspect variables and step through the code.

5. check assumptions

often, bugs arise from incorrect assumptions. review your assumptions about how your code is supposed to work and veri ...

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