Скачать или смотреть Paediatrics: Apgar Score: Free MSRA Podcast

⚕️ FREE MSRA PODCAST – Apgar Score
🎧 A clear, high-yield breakdown of this essential newborn assessment tool – perfect for exam prep and real-life clinical scenarios.


🧠 Key Learning Points


📌 Definition
• The Apgar score is a rapid clinical assessment done at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, evaluating a newborn’s immediate health based on five signs: Appearance (skin colour), Pulse (heart rate), Grimace (reflex response), Activity (muscle tone), and Respiration (breathing effort).


📌 Causes & Risk Factors
• Low scores can be caused by prematurity, birth asphyxia, maternal medication, infection, difficult delivery, or congenital abnormalities.
• Mnemonic: APGAR = Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration.


📌 Pathophysiology
• Assesses how well the newborn has adapted from intrauterine to extrauterine life by checking vital organ function and neurological response immediately after birth.


📌 Symptoms
• Normal score (7–10): Vigorous crying, pink colour, good muscle tone.
• Low/moderate score (0–6): Weak/absent cry, blue or pale, floppy, poor response to stimulation, bradycardia, or apnoea.


📌 Differential Diagnosis
• Prematurity
• Birth asphyxia
• Respiratory distress syndrome
• Sepsis
• Neurological disorders


📌 Diagnosis
• APGAR scoring at 1 and 5 minutes (sometimes repeated at 10 minutes):
 – Each component (0–2 points), total score 0–10
 – 7–10: Normal
 – 4–6: Moderate distress (may need support)
 – 0–3: Severe distress (needs immediate resuscitation)
• Mnemonic tip: “A PGAR Newborn Review”


📌 Management
• Score 7–10: Routine postnatal care
• Score 4–6: Provide supportive measures (stimulation, oxygen, monitor closely)
• Score 0–3: Immediate resuscitation (airway, breathing, circulation)
• Reassess at 5 and 10 minutes if low


📌 Complications
• Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
• Long-term developmental delay (if hypoxia not corrected)
• Risk of neonatal death (with persistently low scores)


📌 Prognosis
• Most babies with a normal Apgar score have excellent outcomes
• Low initial scores that rapidly improve generally have good prognosis
• Persistent low scores can indicate increased risk of morbidity and long-term complications


📎 More MSRA Resources for Apgar Score
📝 Revision Notes: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/apgar-sc...
🧠 Flashcards: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/apgar-sc...
💬 Accordion Q&A Notes: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/apgar-sc...
🚀 Rapid Quiz: https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/apgar-sc...
🎯 Practice Quiz: https://www.passthemsra.com/quizzes/apgar-...
🎓 Full Course: https://www.passthemsra.com/courses/paedia...


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