Скачать или смотреть Toward developing truly sustainable mining practices

Underground mining has been around for millennia. Sustainable mining operations have been reported in ancient Egypt , ancient China, Asia Minor, mainly for extraction of gold, silver and copper. Today mining operations are ubiquitous and are used to extract numerous minerals, ranging from gold to lithium. Unfortunately, today’s mining practices aren’t sustainable. The term ‘sustainability’ has been defined in many different ways. With the exception of Khan and Islam (2007), all sustainability criteria suffer from a range of shortcomings, the most important one being deficient in the long term. With this shortcoming, sustainability is often considered to be irreconcilable with the mining industries, which involve depletion of finite resources and large-scale impacts on the environment. At the same time, it is considered that waste involved can only be minimized, meaning zero waste is not a realistic option. Khan and Islam (2012) introduced the concept of zero waste engineering, which assures sustainability. This paper reviews mining practices throughout history and ranks them in terms of their sustainability. It is shown that the practices of unsustainable mining techniques are synchronized with the advent of artificial materials, often dubbed as the plastic era. It is further shown that unsustainability can arise from using artificial energy. This presentation proposes a mining technology that is scientifically sustainable.
Zero Waste Engineering: https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Zero+Wast...
https://www.google.com.af/books/editi...

#sustainability #Mining #Islamic #Halal #SustainableEnergy #ZEROWASTE #PROFITABLE #ENVIRONMENT #NewScience #Education