Скачать или смотреть What is economics? Introduction to economic

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Economics (Maashiyat) samaji uloom ki aik aham shakh hai jo yeh samajhne mein madad karti hai ke insaan mehdood wasail ko la-mehdood khwahishaat poori karne ke liye kaise istemal karta hai. Economics is baat ka mutalea karti hai ke kya paida kiya jaye, kaise paida kiya jaye aur kis ke liye paida kiya jaye. Yeh ilm fard, idaron, market aur hukoomat ke maashi rawaiyon ka tajziya karta hai aur ghurbat, berozgari, mehngai, daulat ki ghair musavi taqseem aur economic development jaise masail ko samajhne mein madad deta hai.

Economics ki aik aham sub-branch Economic History (Maashi Tareekh) hai jo mukhtalif dauron ki maeeshat ka gehra mutalea karti hai. Economic History yeh batati hai ke maashi nizaam kaise wajood mein aaye, kaise taraqqi ki aur waqt ke sath kaise tabdeel hue. Yeh sirf tareekhi waqiaat nahi batati balkay un ke peeche maujood maashi asbaab, production system, trade, labour aur state policies ka bhi jaiza leti hai.

Qadeem daur mein Misr, Mesopotamia, China aur Wadi-e-Sindh mein zaraati maeeshat aur barter system maujood tha. Darmiyani daur (Medieval Period) mein feudal system ghalib raha jahan zameen bunyadi zariya-e-daulat thi. Lekin tijarat aur shehron ki taraqqi ne is nizaam ko kamzor kar diya.

18th aur 19th century mein Industrial Revolution ne maeeshat ka naqsha hi badal diya. Machines, factories aur industries ne zaraati maeeshat ko industrial economy mein tabdeel kar diya. Is daur mein labour class aur capitalism mazboot hui.

Isi zamane mein mashhoor economists jaise Adam Smith, Karl Marx aur Max Weber ne apne theories pesh kiye. 19th century mein Europe ke andar Historical School of Economics ne Economic History ko aik baqaida academic subject banaya.

Aaj ke modern daur mein Economic History data, graphs aur research ke zariye na sirf maazi ko samajhne balkay mustaqbil ki economic planning aur policy making mein bhi aham kirdar ada karti hai.


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