Geology of the Carboniferous and Permian ~360-252 Million Years Ago | GEO GIRL

When did Pangea form? What mountains built during the formation of Pangea? How did Pangea affect climate and sea level?
Continents colliding near the south pole in the Carboniferous period underwent major glaciation. This Carboniferous glaciation marked the greatest ice age of the Phanerozoic Eon (or the past 500 million years)! Coal swamps characterisitic of the Carboniferous period dried up in the Permian due to increased aridity as Pangea formed. There were two main ways that Pangea caused dryness: 1) much of the land was far away from the ocean, and 2) Pangea'c crust was very thick due to all the conintent-continent collisions, which prevented epicontinental seas from transgressing onto the continents. The dissappearance of the coal swamps led to less organic C burial and therefore increased atmospheric CO2, causing global warming. This global warming brought the Carboniferous ice age to an end.
In terms of tectonics, the Appalachians continued to form along the margin of Euramerica (previously Laurentia) as plates continued colliding with it during the Alleghenian Orogeny, which followed the Taconic and Acadian Orogeny. The Ouchita Orogeny also occurred at this time as a southwestward extension of the Appalchian mountain building collisions. The Ancestral Rockies also formed due to forces associated with the Ouchita orogeny during the late Carboniferous. These mountains caused a rain shadow to their west, leading to large evaporite deposits across that region. The western margin of Eurameria was also undergoing mountain building with the Sonoma orogeny starting in the Late Permian and continuing into the Triassic.

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0:00 Late Paleozoic Geology Summary
2:14 Building Pangea
3:47 Ice Age & Extinctions
4:54 Carboniferous Coal Swamps
6:55 Alleghenian Orogeny
10:00 Ouachita Orogeny
11:52 Ancestral Rockies
13:02 Coal Cyclothems
15:47 Permian Basin
17:51 Sonoma Orogeny
19:29 Summary & Related Content

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