The Abdominal Aorta | Complete Anatomy

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The largest artery in the human body is the Aorta. It originates from the left ventricle of the heart and travels through centre of the body, giving off major branches to many structures and organs. The aorta can be divided into four main sections: the Ascending Aorta, The Aortic Arch, The Thoracic Aorta and the Abdominal Aorta. Today, we’re going to go over the branches of the abdominal aorta.

The abdominal Aorta begins at T12.

It enters the abdomen through the aortic opening of the diaphragm. The abdominal aorta lies to the left of the inferior vena cava, within the retro-peritoneal space.

The abdominal aorta has 3 large single branches

The coeliac branch gives off the left gastric artery, common hepatic artery and spleenic artery.

In total, these arteries supply the liver, gallbladder, PANCREAS, stomach, duodenum, abdominal part of the oesophagus, THE SPLEEN, AND THE greater omentum.

The Superior Mesen-teric artery is the second of the large single branches. And the Inferior Mesen-teric Artery is the third large single branch

The Superior Mesen-teric Artery supplies the intestine from the duodenum to the first 2/3rds of the colon. It also gives supply to the head of the pancreas. The Inferior mesen-teric artery supplies the rest of the colon and rectum.

The Abdominal Aorta also has 3 large paired lateral branches. These are the supra-renal, renal and go-nadal branches.

Another group of branches from the abdominal aorta are the 5 paired abdominal wall branches – consisting of the inferior phren-ic artery and four lumbar arteries.

The abdominal Aorta ends at the level of L4, by giving off the median sacral artery, and then bi-fur-cating into the right and left common iliac arteries, which will go on to supply the pelvis and lower limbs.

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