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python requests post error handling: a comprehensive tutorial

the `requests` library in python is a powerful and popular tool for making http requests. when making post requests (often used for submitting data to a server), handling potential errors gracefully is crucial for building robust and reliable applications. this tutorial will delve into the various types of errors you might encounter, and how to handle them effectively using python's `requests` library.

*1. understanding http status codes:*

before we dive into error handling, it's essential to understand http status codes. these codes, returned by the server in response to your request, provide information about the outcome of the request. they're organized into classes:

*1xx (informational):* the request was received and understood. (rarely seen in typical applications).
*2xx (success):* the request was successfully received, understood, and accepted. `200 ok` is the most common.
*3xx (redirection):* further action needs to be taken in order to complete the request. (e.g., `301 moved permanently`, `302 found`).
*4xx (client error):* the request contains bad syntax or cannot be fulfilled. (e.g., `400 bad request`, `401 unauthorized`, `403 forbidden`, `404 not found`). these typically indicate problems with your request.
*5xx (server error):* the server failed to fulfill an apparently valid request. (e.g., `500 internal server error`, `502 bad gateway`, `503 service unavailable`). these typically indicate problems on the server's side.

we'll focus on handling the 4xx and 5xx error codes, as these are most relevant for robust error handling.

*2. common `requests` exceptions:*

the `requests` library raises exceptions in various scenarios. understanding these exceptions is key to handling errors effectively.

*`requests.exceptions.requestexception`:* this is the base class for all exceptions in the `requests` library. it's a good starting point for catching ...

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