Скачать или смотреть பாண்டிய நாடு | Pandya Kings History | Tamil

The Pandya dynasty also known as the Pandyas of Madurai was a dynasty of south India one of the three famous Tamil lineages the other two being the Chola and the Chera. The dynasty passed through two periods of imperial dominance the 6th to 10th centuries CE, and under the 'Later Pandyas' (13th to 14th centuries CE). The Pandyas ruled extensive territories at times including the large portions of present day south India and Sri Lanka through collateral branches subject to Madurai. The Pandyas entered their "golden age" under Maravarman I and Jatavarman Sundara Pandya I (13th century). Some early efforts by Maravarman I to expand into the ancient Chola country were effectively checked by the Hoysalas. Jatavarman I (c. 1251) successfully expanded the empire into the Telugu country (as far north as Nellore), south Kerala and conquered northern Sri Lanka. The city of Kanchi became a secondary capital of the Pandyas. The Hoysalas, in general, were confined to Mysore Plateau and even king Somesvara was killed in a battle with Pandyas. Maravarman Kulasekhara I (c. 1268) defeated an alliance of the Hoysalas and the Cholas (1279) and invaded Sri Lanka. The venerable Tooth Relic of the Buddha was carried away by the Pandyas. During this period the rule of the empire was shared among several royals, one of them enjoying primacy over the rest. An internal crisis in the Pandya empire coincided with the Khalji invasion of south India in 1310–11.The ensuing political crisis saw more sultanate raids and plunder, the loss of south Kerala (1312), and north Sri Lanka (1323) and the establishment of the Madurai sultanate (c. 1334. In the mid-16th century the Vijayanagara governors of Madurai declared independence and established the Madurai Nayak dynasty. The Pandyas of Ucchangi (9th-13th century) in the Tungabhadra Valley were related to the Pandyas of Madurai.

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