Switched-Capacitor Amplifier Design: How does it work?

How to design a Switched Capacitor Amplifier and how does it work are discussed in this circuit tutorial video that uses examples of inverting and non-inverting op amp amplifiers to answer these questions. For more op amp and analog circuit examples see    • Electrical Engineering, Analog, Digit...   . This switched capacitor circuit is implemented with one operational amplifier, two capacitors and five NMOS transistors or N-channel MOSFETs as switches with their gate voltages controlled properly by one of the two non-overlapping clocks in the circuit. The switched-capacitor circuit is effectively a sample and hold operation for the output input and output voltages. The circuit effectively emulates two large equivalent resistors on the order of as high as multi Mega Ohm resistance values. These large resistors are not practically realizable on-chip due to their excessive and expensive silicon footprint and also accompanied non-idealities including parasitic undesired capacitance and inductance and considerable 20-50% variations due to variety of factors including silicon chip manufacturing process, IR-drop, temperature variations. On the other hand, if carefully designed, the switched-capacitor amplifier can achieve the same target performance and gain with orders of magnitude smaller on-chip silicon foot-print and considerably less gain variations (as low as 0.1% for the gain as the ratio of capacitors involved in a proper switched-cap circuit design). A combination of Op Amp virtual short (Op Amp biased properly with negative feedback) and Kirchhoff Circuit Laws including KCL, KVL is applied to present the analysis and compute the gain of the designed switched-capacitor amplifier.