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Verbs and tenses are fundamental components of grammar in any language. Here's an overview of how they work:

1. *Verbs*
Verbs are words that describe an action, occurrence, or state of being. In English, verbs are typically categorized based on their function in a sentence. Some of the main categories are:

**Action Verbs**: These describe an action or something that happens.
Example: run, jump, eat, read

**Stative Verbs**: These describe a state of being, condition, or situation.
Example: be, have, know, seem

**Auxiliary (Helping) Verbs**: These are used with main verbs to express different tenses, moods, or voices.
Example: am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had, will, can, should

**Modal Verbs**: These express necessity, possibility, permission, or ability.
Example: can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should, must

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2. *Tenses*
Tenses refer to the time of the action or state expressed by the verb. In English, tenses are divided into three main categories: *past**, **present**, and **future**. Each of these can be further divided into **simple**, **continuous (progressive)**, **perfect**, and **perfect continuous* forms.

#### A. *Present Tense*
**Simple Present**: Describes general actions or habits.
Example: She *writes* every day.

**Present Continuous (Progressive)**: Describes actions happening right now or around the current time.
Example: She *is writing* a letter.

**Present Perfect**: Describes actions that happened at an unspecified time before now or actions that started in the past and continue in the present.
Example: She *has written* three letters today.

**Present Perfect Continuous**: Describes actions that started in the past and are still continuing or have just stopped.
Example: She *has been writing* for two hours.

#### B. *Past Tense*
**Simple Past**: Describes actions that happened at a specific time in the past.
Example: She *wrote* a letter yesterday.

**Past Continuous (Progressive)**: Describes actions that were happening at a specific moment in the past.
Example: She *was writing* when I called.

**Past Perfect**: Describes actions that were completed before another action in the past.
Example: She *had written* the letter before she left.

**Past Perfect Continuous**: Describes actions that were ongoing in the past up until a certain point.
Example: She *had been writing* for an hour when I arrived.

#### C. *Future Tense*
**Simple Future**: Describes actions that will happen at a specific time in the future.
Example: She *will write* a letter tomorrow.

**Future Continuous (Progressive)**: Describes actions that will be happening at a specific moment in the future.
Example: She *will be writing* at 10 AM tomorrow.

**Future Perfect**: Describes actions that will be completed before a certain point in the future.
Example: She *will have written* the letter by 5 PM.

**Future Perfect Continuous**: Describes actions that will have been ongoing up to a certain point in the future.
Example: She *will have been writing* for two hours by the time you arrive.

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3. *Examples of Verb Conjugations Across Tenses*
Here's how the verb "to write" conjugates in the different tenses:

| *Tense* | *Example* |
|-----------------------------------|------------------------------|
| *Present Simple* | I write |
| *Present Continuous* | I am writing |
| *Present Perfect* | I have written |
| *Present Perfect Continuous* | I have been writing |
| *Past Simple* | I wrote |
| *Past Continuous* | I was writing |
| *Past Perfect* | I had written |
| *Past Perfect Continuous* | I had been writing |
| *Future Simple* | I will write |
| *Future Continuous* | I will be writing |
| *Future Perfect* | I will have written |
| *Future Perfect Continuous* | I will have been writing |

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Understanding verbs and tenses helps you express actions in relation to time.