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Male infertility is NOT a single disease. Therefore, the investigations and treatment are not straightforward. We need to do investigations which can change the treatment plan. At the same time, we should remember that, with passage of time, the sperm parameters decline. Therefore, rational treatment should be done. In most cases, ICSI is needed so that the affected man can become biological father, without need of donor sperms.

Every cell in our body generates some molecules as a byproduct of metabolism. These molecules are called "reactive oxygen species" (ROS) and the process is called "Oxidative stress". While some amount of ROS is required for the normal functioning of the cell, an excess amount of ROS can damage the cell. To counteract these damages, there are some molecules, called "Antioxidants" which combat the ROS and protect the cells.

ROS exist in sperms and an excess amount of ROS can damage them. Antioxidants are there to reduce the harmful effects of ROS. However, when the balance between ROS and antioxidants is impaired, there will be excessive damage resulting in infertility. Therefore, antioxidants given in the form of supplements can improve the chance of pregnancy by enhancing the quality of sperms. However, overzealous use of antioxidants should be avoided.

Antioxidants may be helpful in mild male infertility. However, in severe male infertility or Azoospermia, we can NOT rely on antioxidants only. We need thorough evaluation and timely management.

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