Скачать или смотреть Kinetic Theory of Matter Explained | Class 10 Physics Lec 1 | Thermal Transformations

Kinetic Theory Of Matter | Thermal Transformations| Physics 10 Lec 1| Ch 11| National book foundation | Federal board
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Welcome to Lecture 1 of Class 10 Physics where we dive into the Kinetic Theory of Matter and understand how matter behaves in different states—solid, liquid, and gas. This video is based on the National Book Foundation syllabus and perfect for board exam preparation.

🔹 What is Matter?
Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. It is made of particles (atoms or molecules) with gaps between them. The behavior of these particles changes with temperature and pressure.

🔹 Solids

Particles are tightly packed with strong attractive forces.

They only vibrate at their mean positions.

On heating, solids expand as vibration increases.

🔹 Liquids

Particles are loosely packed compared to solids.

They can move and flow, making liquids take the shape of containers.

Heating decreases attraction and increases movement.

🔹 Gases

Particles are far apart and move freely.

Very weak forces of attraction.

Exert pressure by colliding with container walls.

Expand quickly when heated.

🌡️ 11.1 Changing States of Matter
🔹 Temperature Effect

Increased temperature weakens attractive forces among particles.

Matter changes state based on temperature and pressure.

🧊 Changes Between Liquids and Solids
🔹 Freezing

Liquid turns into solid at low temperature (e.g., water at 0°C).

Particles lose energy and come closer.

🔹 Melting

Solid changes into liquid when heated.

Particles gain energy and overcome bonding.

💨 Changes Between Liquids and Gases
🔹 Vaporisation (Boiling)

Liquid turns to gas when heated at boiling point.

Particles gain enough kinetic energy to escape.

🔹 Evaporation

Liquid changes to vapour at any temperature.

Happens slowly and from surface.

🔹 Condensation

Gas (vapour) turns back to liquid.

Happens when temperature drops and air can't hold moisture.

🌬️ Changes Between Solids and Gases
🔹 Sublimation

Solid turns directly into gas without becoming liquid.

Example: Dry ice (solid CO₂) turns to gas at room temperature.

🔹 Deposition

Gas turns directly into solid.

Reverse of sublimation.

Example: Frost formation on cold surfaces.

📌 Perfect for Board Exams | FSc & Matric Physics Concepts Simplified
✅ Watch till the end to master the thermal behavior of matter!
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