Скачать или смотреть The Little Grebe breeding babies outside the nest ，小鸊鷉巢外育雛

The little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), also known as dabchick, is a member of the grebe family of water birds. The genus name is from Ancient Greek takhus "fast" and bapto "to sink under". The specific ruficollis is from Latin rufus "red" and Modern Latin -collis, "-necked", itself derived from Latin collum "neck".[2]




At 23 to 29 cm (9.1 to 11.4 in) in length it is the smallest European member of its family. It is commonly found in open bodies of water across most of its range. The little grebe is a small water bird with a pointed bill. The adult is unmistakable in summer, predominantly dark above with its rich, rufous colour neck, cheeks and flanks, and bright yellow gape. The rufous is replaced by a dirty brownish grey in non-breeding and juvenile birds.




Juvenile birds have a yellow bill with a small black tip, and black and white streaks on the cheeks and sides of the neck as seen below. This yellow bill darkens as the juveniles age, eventually turning black in adulthood.




In winter, its size, buff plumage, with a darker back and cap, and “powder puff” rear end enable easy identification of this species. The little grebe's breeding call, given singly or in duet, is a trilled repeated weet-weet-weet or wee-wee-wee which sounds like a horse whinnying. This bird breeds in small colonies in heavily vegetated areas of freshwater lakes across Europe, much of Asia down to New Guinea, and most of Africa. Most birds move to more open or coastal waters in winter, but it is only migratory in those parts of its range where the waters freeze. Outside of breeding season, it moves into more open water, occasionally even appearing on the coast in small bays. The little grebe is an excellent swimmer and diver and pursues its fish and aquatic invertebrate prey underwater. It uses the vegetation skilfully as a hiding place.




Like all grebes, it nests at the water's edge, since its legs are set very far back and it cannot walk well. Usually four to seven eggs are laid. When the adult bird leaves the nest it usually takes care to cover the eggs with weeds. This makes it less likely to be detected by predators.[9] The young leave the nest and can swim soon after hatching, and chicks are often carried on the backs of the swimming adults.[10] In India, the species breeds during the rainy season.[11]




It does not normally interbreed with the larger grebes in the Old World, but a bird in Cornwall mated with a vagrant North American pied-billed grebe, producing hybrid young
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小鸊鷉（學名Tachybaptus ruficollis）大約25到30厘米長，重量120到300克，是鸊鷉目(Podicipedformes)鸊鷉科(podicipedidae)最小的鳥。屬於日間活動性的鳥類。除了繁殖期間外，夜晚通常停棲於隱密的水塘或湖泊邊的草叢中。營巢於沼澤、池塘、湖泊中叢生蘆葦、燈心草、香蒲等地，多在山地小型水面。如果住地冬季結冰，會搬到較暖和的海邊或者較大不結冰的湖。 主要分布於水塘、湖泊、沼澤。除了極地環境及太平洋少數島嶼外，中國大部、亞洲中部和南部、歐洲中部和南部、非洲南部、菲律賓、印度尼西亞、澳大利亞都可以發現小鷿鷈的蹤跡。小鸊鷉是中國最常見的水鳥之一，在中國東部大部分開闊水面都能見到小鸊鷉。 眼球黑色，眼睛的虹膜黃色，腳黑色。腿很靠後，所以走路不穩，精通游泳和潛水。前面的三根腳趾有蹼。幼鳥的頭部沿著頸部有非常明顯的白色斑紋。成鳥春末到秋季，直且尖的嘴喙顏色為黑色，前端有象牙白色，嘴基有明顯的米黃色。頸側羽色紅褐色，體側帶點黑紅褐色，背部羽毛黑色，尾部羽毛白色。冬季時，嘴喙呈土黃色，頸側呈淺黃色，背部羽毛黑褐色，尾部羽毛白色。 以捕捉的小魚為主，偶爾也會捕捉小蝦子或水中的小型節肢動物。 一般生兩個蛋，孵出的小鳥有時候背在父母背上。
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