Скачать или смотреть Hubbert peak theory | Wikipedia audio article

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00:01:24 1 Hubbert's peak
00:04:13 2 Hubbert's theory
00:04:23 2.1 Hubbert curve
00:08:30 2.2 Use of multiple curves
00:09:19 2.3 Reliability
00:09:28 2.3.1 Crude oil
00:13:41 2.3.2 Natural gas
00:14:07 3 Economics
00:14:16 3.1 Energy return on energy investment
00:17:22 3.2 Growth-based economic models
00:20:14 4 Hubbert peaks
00:20:35 4.1 Natural gas
00:21:02 4.2 Coal
00:23:14 4.3 Fissionable materials
00:24:06 4.4 Helium
00:25:27 4.5 Transition metals
00:26:43 4.6 Precious metals
00:29:03 4.7 Phosphorus
00:30:32 4.8 Peak water
00:31:42 4.9 Renewable resources
00:32:42 5 Criticisms of peak oil
00:35:37 6 Criticisms of peak element scenarios
00:37:36 7 See also



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SUMMARY
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The Hubbert peak theory says that for any given geographical area, from an individual oil-producing region to the planet as a whole, the rate of petroleum production tends to follow a bell-shaped curve. It is one of the primary theories on peak oil.
Choosing a particular curve determines a point of maximum production based on discovery rates, production rates and cumulative production. Early in the curve (pre-peak), the production rate increases due to the discovery rate and the addition of infrastructure. Late in the curve (post-peak), production declines because of resource depletion.
The Hubbert peak theory is based on the observation that the amount of oil under the ground in any region is finite, therefore the rate of discovery which initially increases quickly must reach a maximum and decline. In the US, oil extraction followed the discovery curve after a time lag of 32 to 35 years. The theory is named after American geophysicist M. King Hubbert, who created a method of modeling the production curve given an assumed ultimate recovery volume.