Introduction To Reproduction | Reproduction In Plants | Class 12 Biology

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About This Video ........................

In This Video Lecture You Will Learn Basic Concept Of Introduction To Reproduction
Every species of organisms can reproduce new individuals of that species. In organisms, methods
the chromosome number in a species but also produces genetic variations, an important factor in

gametophyte, meiosis occurs during spore formation (sporogenesis).
organisms of valuable characteristics, without a change in their genetic make up. Cloning has been
maintains a species-population.
Reproduction is of two types, asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction
of reproduction are varied and some are quite complex. It is very important to the survival of
Sexual reproduction usually involves two parents. A fertilized egg is produced through the union of
In plants, if there isalternationof generations namely a diploid sporophyte and a haploid
stress and diseases are still the limitations for commercial ventures. Also it is still not being accepted
requires only a single parental organism which gives rise to ofspring by mitotic cell division, during
and apomixis etc.
division gives rise to gametes (gametogenesis) in which not only the chromosome number is
In asexual reproduction, although increase in number of genetically alike individuals from a parent
the survival and adaptation of a species or a population (Fig. 18.1).
is very rapid but this is not an adaptive method and may at some stage jeopardize the survival of

halved (haploid) but reshuling of genes leads to recombination of genes. This not only maintains
meiotically produced specialized sex cells (egg and sperm) from each parent. Meiosis or reduction
are ission, sporulation, budding, vegetative propagation, artiicial propagation, parthenogenesis
a species. Man has favoured this type of reproduction for his own needs, commonly in plants but
cells, so that the ofspring are genetically identical to the parent. Methods of asexual reproduction
practised successfully but its disadvantages like rapid aging and low resistance to environmental

now tissue culture technique in plants and cloning in animals are being adopted for producing
a species or a population. Reproduction is the mechanism that- produces new generations and
which the total chromosomes content of the cell is exactly replicated and passed on to daugher
socially and morally in general.

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
hostile land environment. Evolution of pollen
layering, grafting, budding etc. are the artiicial modes.
isomorphic, and if they are dissimilar it is called
alternation of generations is referred to as
heteromorphic.
seed coats and dispersal with the help of fruit formation (angiosperms). Seeds are
capable of enduring unfavourable conditions in dormant form (seed dormancy) and
a tool of success for seed plants.
land adaptation by the spermatophytes. Pollen
gamete transfer by pollen tubes,food storage for developing embryo, protection by
tube is parallel to the evolution of seed and is
all around us due to their better sexual
tube acts as vehicle for male gametes for their
Evolution of pollen tube is an important step in
inloresence for pollination, involving
reproduction, modiication of lower and

Seed plants are predominatly present
and haploid gametophyte generations. If the
In sexual reproduction, plants have diplohaplontic life cycle with alternating diploid sporophyte
two generations are vegetatively similar, such

In plants both sexual and asexual reproduction are foun. In asexual reproduction
safe transport to female gamete in ovule in
as soon as, conditions become favourable for establishing the seedling, it germinates.

About This Channel.....................

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