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Title: Understanding and Handling Stale Element Reference Exception in Selenium WebDriver
Introduction:
Selenium WebDriver is a powerful tool for automating web applications, but one common challenge that automation engineers often face is the Stale Element Reference Exception. This exception occurs when an element on the web page is no longer valid, but the WebDriver attempts to interact with it. In this tutorial, we'll explore what causes this exception and how to handle it effectively using Selenium WebDriver.
Understanding Stale Element Reference Exception:
A Stale Element Reference Exception is thrown by Selenium when an element previously located is no longer part of the DOM (Document Object Model) or has been modified in some way. This typically happens when the page undergoes dynamic changes like AJAX calls, page refresh, or asynchronous updates.
Code Example: Handling Stale Element Reference Exception
Explanation:
find_and_click_element: This function attempts to find an element using WebDriverWait to ensure that the element is clickable. If a Stale Element Reference Exception occurs, it calls the handle_stale_reference_exception function.
handle_stale_reference_exception: This function retries finding the element for a specified number of attempts. If the maximum attempts are reached and the element is still not found, it raises the original exception.
Conclusion:
Handling Stale Element Reference Exception is crucial for building robust and reliable Selenium scripts. By incorporating retry mechanisms and understanding the underlying causes of this exception, you can create more resilient automation scripts that gracefully handle dynamic web pages.
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