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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved most of the world's nations, including all of the great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the deadliest conflict in human history, resulting in over 70 million fatalities, including civilians and military personnel. **The war encompassed the Holocaust, the use of nuclear weapons, and significant technological and industrial advancements in warfare.
The major causes of World War II were numerous and include the impact of the Treaty of Versailles following WWI, the worldwide economic depression, German and Japanese militarism, the rise of fascist leaders like Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini, and the failure of appeasement policies by western powers towards aggression by Germany and Japan. Other factors also played a role, such as the Soviet Union's push for expansion, German resentment at the outcome of WWI, and the instability caused by changing alliances. The immediate trigger for the war was Germany's invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939.