Sizing of Vapour Relief Valves - Case Study Gas Expansion during Fire

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1 Introduction to the Course and Topics covered
1.1 Introduction to topics which will be covered in sizing of relief valves

2 Risks due to Loss of Containment (LOC) in Process Industries and the role of relief valves in overpressure protection
2.1 Process safety risks associated with in process industries
2.2 What is a relief valve and where are they used?
2.3 Various types of relief devices used in industries - Relief valves (Conventional/Balanced/Pilot), Breather valve, Buckling Pin, Rupture disk, Blowdown valve

3 Relief load estimation steps - Identify relieving scenarios, calculation methods and relieving properties
3.1 Relief load estimation - Overpressure protection scenarios
3.2 Relief load estimation - Using process simulators or manual calculations
3.3 Estimation of properties of fluid at relieving conditions

4 Relief valve sizing equations - Single phase VAPOUR relief, Single phase LIQUID relief, TWO PHASE relief (VAPOUR+LIQUID)
4.1 Relief valve sizing methods - Single phase vapour
4.2 Relief valve sizing methods - Single phase Liquid
4.3 Relief valve sizing methods – Two phase fluid (Vapour+Liquid)

5 Case Studies - relief load estimation and sizing with practical examples
5.1 Case Study: Liquid Blocked outlet scenario - Positive displacement pump
5.2 Case Study: Gas blocked outlet scenario, Positive displacement compressor, Isentropic compression
5.3 Fire Case Introduction
5.4 Case Study: Fire case - Liquid vapourization (Wetted surface of Vessel), Constant volume process
5.5 Case Study: Fire case - Gas Expansion (Unwetted surface of Vessel), Constant volume process
5.6 Case Study: Two-phase fluid (vapour+liquid) blocked outlet scenario
5.7 Case Study: Control valve wide open case, Gas line control valve / pressure regulator
5.8 Control valve wide open case: Gas flow rate estimation
5.9 Control valve wide open case: Liquid flow rate estimation
5.10 Case Study: Control valve wide open case, Gas blowby / Vapor breakthrough
5.11 Case Study: Heat Exchanger Tube Rupture
5.12 Estimate Liquid or Gas flow rate through an orifice: Case Study Heat Exchanger Tube Rupture
5.13 Case Study: Distillation Column Relief Scenarios [Loss of Overhead cooling / Loss of Reflux or Overhead Product / Loss of Feed / Reboiler supply control failure OR Abnormal heat input / Pump-around circuit / Power Failure]
5.14 Case Study: Abnormal heat input
5.15 Case Study: Reverse flow through Check Valves
5.16 Case Study: Leakage flow (e.g., through HIPPS valve)

6 Further aspects to consider in relief valve design and overpressure protection
6.1 Other factors to be considered for relief valves (Effect of backpressure, Low Temperature, Administrative controls - LO/LC valves)
6.2 Practical problems encountered with relief valve operation (Chattering, Plugging of pilot RV, Plugging of bonnet vent)
6.3 Alternatives to relief valve for overpressure protection of equipment
6.4 More resources on relief valves

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