Hashimoto's Disease (Hashimoto's Thyroiditis) – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Hashimoto's Disease (Hashimoto's Thyroiditis) – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Complications
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, also known as Hashimoto's Disease, is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to chronic inflammation and often hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic predisposition, gender (more common in women), hormonal changes, age, environmental factors, and other autoimmune conditions increase the risk. Symptoms develop gradually and include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, hair loss, and an enlarged thyroid (goiter). Diagnosis involves a physical exam, blood tests for thyroid function and antibodies, and sometimes ultrasound imaging. Treatment focuses on managing hypothyroidism using synthetic thyroid hormones like levothyroxine, alongside lifestyle adjustments such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, stress management, and adequate sleep. If untreated, Hashimoto's can lead to complications like heart disease, myxedema, goiter, and mental health issues, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and proper management.
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