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The Gaur (Bos gaurus), also called Indian bison, (Hindi:गौर) is the largest extant Bovine, native to Southern Asia and Southeast Asia. The species has been listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1986, as the population decline in parts of the species' range is likely to be well over 70% during the last three generations. Population trends are stable in well-protected areas, and are rebuilding in a few areas which had been neglected.

The Gaur is the tallest species of Wild cattle. The Malayan gaur is called Seladang, and the Burmese gaur is called Pyoung ပြောင်.
The domesticated form of the gaur Bos frontalis is called Gayal or mithun. It is the "Provincial animal of the State of Goa" in Republic of India respectively.

Distribution and habitat:

Gaur historically occurred throughout mainland India and Southeast Asia, including Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, China, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Republic of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal. Today, the range of the species is seriously fragmented, and it is regionally extinct in Sri Lanka.