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The process of grade slab casting involves the following steps:

Planning and Design: The first step is to create a plan and design for the grade slab construction. This includes preparing necessary drawings and designs that specify the dimensions, thickness, strength, and reinforcement details according to local building codes and regulations.

Formwork Preparation: Formwork, also known as molds or shuttering, is prepared to shape and support the concrete during casting. The formwork is typically made of wood, steel, or other materials and is assembled to the desired shape and size of the grade slab.

Site Preparation: The construction site is prepared by ensuring a level and stable surface to accommodate the formwork and the subsequent concrete pouring.

Reinforcement Placement: Steel reinforcements, also known as rebars, are placed within the formwork according to the design specifications. The rebars are arranged in a grid pattern to provide strength and reinforcement to the concrete slab.

Fixing of Cover Blocks: Cover blocks, made of concrete or other materials, are placed over the rebars to maintain a specified distance between the rebars and the outer surface of the concrete. Cover blocks help protect the rebars from environmental factors and ensure proper bonding between the concrete and the reinforcement.

Concrete Pouring: Once the formwork and reinforcement are in place, concrete is poured into the formwork. The concrete mix should be carefully prepared to meet the required strength and workability for the grade slab.

Leveling and Compaction: The poured concrete is leveled using tools like screeds and then compacted to remove air voids and ensure uniform distribution of the concrete within the formwork.

Curing: After casting, the grade slab is left undisturbed to allow the concrete to cure and gain its strength. Curing involves maintaining a moist environment to prevent rapid moisture loss and ensure proper hydration of cement particles.

Formwork Removal: Once the concrete has gained sufficient strength, the formwork is carefully removed. This step requires caution to avoid damaging the freshly cast concrete.

Finishing: After formwork removal, the exposed surface of the grade slab is finished to achieve the desired smoothness and appearance.

By following these steps, grade slab casting is carried out to create a sturdy and reliable horizontal surface that serves as the foundation for the subsequent construction or as the topmost floor of a building. Proper execution of each step is crucial to ensure the integrity and durability of the grade slab.