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In chemistry, sp2 hybridization is when one s orbital and two p orbitals in an atom's valence shell mix to form three new sp2 hybrid orbitals:
Process: An electron in the s orbital is promoted to one of the 2p atomic orbitals.
Orbitals: The three sp2 hybrid orbitals are equal in energy level, higher than the s orbital, but lower than the p orbitals. Each sp2 orbital is made up of 33% s character and 67% p character.
Geometry: The sp2 hybrid orbitals form a trigonal planar molecular geometry, with the frontal lobes pointing to the corners of a triangle. The remaining p orbital is perpendicular to the plane of the sp2 orbitals.
Example: Carbon atoms in ethene (C2H4) are an example of sp2 hybridization.

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