Скачать или смотреть #4 NCERT Class 6th इतिहास पाढ़ 3 आरंभिक नगर जानिए हिंदी आसान भाषा में by

एनसीईआरटी समाधान कक्षा 6 सामाजिक विज्ञान – इतिहास (हमारे अतीत-1) अध्याय 3 यहाँ प्राप्त करें। कक्षा 6 के छात्रों के लिए यहाँ पर इतिहास विषय के अध्याय 3 का पूरा समाधान दिया गया है। जो भी सामाजिक विज्ञान विषय में अच्छे अंक प्राप्त करना चाहते है उन्हें यहाँ पर सभी अध्यायों का पूरा हल मिल जायेगा। जिससे की छात्रों को तैयारी करने में किसी भी मुश्किल का सामना न करना पड़े। इस NCERT BOOK के अध्याय 3 – आरंभिक नगर का पूरा हल प्राप्त कर सकते है। मुख्य परीक्षा में इस विषय के कई भाग हो जाते हैं; जैसे-स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन, स्वतंत्रता के बाद का इतिहास, विश्व का इतिहास तथा कला एवं संस्कृति। इनमें सबसे अधिक प्रश्न स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन से आते हैं। सामान्य रूप से कह सकते हैं कि सबसे कम प्रष्न स्वतंत्रता के बाद के इतिहास से तथा कभी-कभी विश्व-इतिहास से भी।
History is one of the main subjects of the Civil Services Examination (CSE). Aspirants who belong to commerce and science streams find it difficult, to begin with, History preparation for Prelims and Mains GS-I of the IAS Exam. To start off, aspirants should focus on NCERT books. These books are fundamental for the preparation of civil services examination. They turn out to be the basic study reference for all the aspirants of UPSC.
This article will provide you with NCERT books PDF from class 6th to class 12th which you download for your reference for History preparation.
We are providing the list of NCERT History Books for Class 6 to Class 12 Hindi and English Medium along with the download link of the books. Read on to know further about Free NCERT Books from Class 6 to Class 12 History
The story of Harappa
Harappa was one of the oldest cities in the subcontinent, which archaeologists found 80 years ago. This was the first city to be discovered. All other cities where buildings similar to Harappa were found, were described as Harappan.

What was special about Harappan cities?
These cities were divided into 2 or more parts.

Citadel: The part to the west, which was smaller but higher was called the citadel.
Lower town: The part to the east was larger but lower was called the lower town.
The walls of baked brick were built around each part. The bricks were so well baked that they have lasted for thousands of years. The bricks were laid in an interlocking pattern and that made the walls strong.
Most houses had a separate bathing area and some had wells to supply water. Many cities had covered drains. Each drain had a gentle slope so that water could flow through it. Drains in houses were connected to streets and smaller drains, which ultimately led into bigger ones. All three i.e.; houses, drains and streets were planned and built at the same time.

Life in the city
Harappan city was a very busy place.

Rulers were the people who planned the construction of special buildings in the city. Rulers sent people to distant lands to get metal, precious stones, and other things that they wanted.
Scribes were the people who knew how to write and help in preparing the seals and perhaps write on other materials that have not survived.
There were men and women, crafts persons who used to make all kinds of things.
Many terracotta toys have been found in Harappan cities, which shows that children must have played with these.
New crafts in the city
Most of the objects that were made and found in Harappan cities were of stone, shell and metal, including copper, bronze, gold and silver.
Copper and bronze were used to make tools, weapons, ornaments and vessels.
Gold and silver were used to make ornaments and vessels.
The Harappans made seals out of stone which were rectangular in shape and have an animal carved on them.
The Harappans also made pots with beautiful black designs
Actual pieces of cloth were found attached to the lid of a silver vase and some copper objects at Mohenjo-Daro.
Archaeologists have also found spindle whorls, made of terracotta and faience, which were used to spin thread.
Many of the things that were produced at Harappan were probably the work of specialists.
In search of raw materials
Raw materials are substances that are either found naturally or produced by farmers or herders. Raw materials are processed to produce finished goods. The raw materials that the Harappans used were available locally. Whereas many items such as copper, tin, gold, silver and precious stones were brought from distant places all this content by Jaiswal_Sir

The Harappans probably got copper from present-day Rajasthan, and from Oman in West Asia.
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