3D printing tissue and organs (Tissue engineering - 2019)

3d printing tissue and organs (The bioprinting process - Frontiers of tissue engineering)

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3D printing tissue and organs is a fascinating field within tissue engineering. 3D printing body parts to replace failing organs could turn into a medical revolution, eventually replacing the need for organ donors. The path to printing an organ is far from easy though and many problems have to be solved with regards to bioprinters, bioinks and capillary formation in the organ.

A big thanks to the Wake Forest Institure for Renegerative medicine and Dr. Anthony Atala for the footage and images on the bioprinting process:
https://school.wakehealth.edu/Researc...

The Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine is recognized as an international leader in translating scientific discovery into clinical therapies, with many world firsts, including the development and implantation of the first engineered organ in a patient. More than 450 scientists collaborate on regenerative medicine research at the institute, the largest in the world, working on more than 40 different tissues and organs. The institute is part of Wake Forest University and is located in the Innovation Quarter in downtown Winston-Salem, NC. Through partnerships and collaborations with many regenerative medicine centers internationally, the institute, which is driven by the urgent needs of patients, is making a global difference in the world of regenerative medicine.

Resources

Magazine stories etc. on bioprinters:

An interesting Guardian article on bioprinting and bioprinting startups:
https://www.theguardian.com/technolog...

A conversation with Dr. Stephanie Willerth, a researcher in biomedical engineering, about the state of bioprinting and the implications of the technology. https://www.3dprintingmedia.network/l...

Shorter blog posts on 3D bioprinting in general:
https://www.lifecyclebio.com/2018/07/...
https://www.sculpteo.com/blog/2018/02...
https://all3dp.com/brief-introduction...

An overview of the different 3D bioprinting companies
https://medicalfuturist.com/top-biopr...

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Other articles and resources

The global market for 3D bioprinting is estimated to reach 1 billion dollars by the early 2020's
https://blog.marketresearch.com/3d-bi...

A review article on the integrated tissue organ printer and on the ear construct printed with it at the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine:
https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3413

A review article on the different approaches to bioinks:
https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2017.164

OPEN ACCESS - A thorough article on different 3D bioprinting methods and bioinks
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2...

Another very thorough review article focusing on the different tissue types being printed. Here the authors also reference that bioprinting organs could become a cost-effective treatment in a few decades.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12195-018-05...

A white paper by Prellis Biologics, Inc., a laser bioprinting company, addressing the difficulty of printing capillaries. They also mention the staggering 19 km of capillaries present in the kidney.
https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/d52f5f...

An article on Prellis Biologics printing capillary-structures:
https://www.businesswire.com/news/hom...

OPEN ACCESS - The article from the lab of Dr. Jennifer Lewis at the Wyss Institute describing the bioink, that forms blood vessels:
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521342113

The description of the printed liver and kidney tissue offered by Organovo:
https://organovo.com/tissues-services...

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Credits

OPEN ACCESS - Graph on the number of published articles on bioprinting adapted from here:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone....

Image of Dr. Anthony Atala:
Steve Jurvetson - Printing a Human Kidney on Stage - Anthony Atala (CC BY 2.0)

Cells moving video adapted from:
http://www.cellimagelibrary.org/image...

many of the images used in the video are from the collections of Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library
https://www.flickr.com/photos/1468243...

Image of the capillary
http://remf.dartmouth.edu/images/mamm...

Kidney tissue:
Jpogi at English Wikipedia [Public domain], from Wikimedia Commons