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The oldest mountains in the world are remnants of ancient geological activity, often deeply eroded and composed of some of Earth’s oldest rocks. Here are some of the oldest mountain ranges on the planet:


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🏔️ 1. Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa & Eswatini)

Estimated age: ~3.5 billion years

Significance: Contains some of the oldest exposed rocks on Earth.

Note: These are not tall mountains but are among the oldest geological formations.



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🏔️ 2. Aravalli Range (India)

Estimated age: ~3.2 to 2.5 billion years

Location: Northwestern India (Rajasthan and Haryana)

Fun Fact: Once taller than the Himalayas, now highly eroded.



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🏔️ 3. Makhonjwa Mountains (South Africa)

Estimated age: ~3.2 to 3.6 billion years

UNESCO World Heritage Site: Yes (Barberton Makhonjwa Mountains)

Note: Sometimes considered part of the Barberton Greenstone Belt.



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🏔️ 4. Yilgarn Craton Ranges (Western Australia)

Estimated age: ~2.5 to 3.6 billion years

Feature: Part of Australia’s ancient continental crust.

Example Ranges: Jack Hills (home to the oldest known terrestrial material – zircon crystals, ~4.4 billion years old).



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🏔️ 5. Canadian Shield Mountains (Laurentian Upland, Canada)

Estimated age: ~2.5 to 4 billion years (Precambrian rocks)

Notable Ranges: The Laurentian Mountains (much eroded remnants of ancient orogeny)



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🏔️ 6. Hamelin Pool Ranges (Shark Bay, Western Australia)

Estimated age: ~2.5 to 3 billion years

Special Feature: Contains stromatolites—fossil evidence of early life.



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🏔️ 7. Acasta Gneiss Complex (Northwest Territories, Canada)

Estimated age of rocks: ~4.03 billion years

Mountain status: Not a distinct range, but includes some of the Earth's oldest exposed continental crust.


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Summary Table

Mountain Range Location Age (Approx.)

Barberton Greenstone Belt South Africa, Eswatini ~3.5 billion yrs
Aravalli Range India ~3.2–2.5 billion yrs
Makhonjwa Mountains South Africa ~3.6–3.2 billion yrs
Yilgarn Craton Western Australia ~3.6–2.5 billion yrs
Laurentian Mountains Canada ~2.5–4 billion yrs (rock age)
Hamelin Pool Ranges Western Australia ~3 billion yrs
Acasta Gneiss Canada ~4 billion yrs (rock age)



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