Скачать или смотреть Leaf Structure and Function | Chapter 9 - Plant Physiology and Development

Chapter 9 of Plant Physiology and Development (Sixth Edition) by Lincoln Taiz, Eduardo Zeiger, Ian Max Møller, and Angus Murphy provides a detailed overview of leaf anatomy and how structural adaptations support photosynthesis, gas exchange, and water regulation. It begins by describing the basic anatomy of leaves, including the epidermis, mesophyll (palisade and spongy), veins, and stomata, emphasizing their roles in light capture and internal diffusion of CO₂. The chapter explains how the arrangement of cells and chloroplasts enhances photosynthetic efficiency, and how leaf thickness, vein density, and stomatal density adapt to environmental conditions. It discusses how stomatal opening is regulated by guard cell turgor, influenced by blue light signaling, abscisic acid (ABA), and circadian rhythms. Leaf development is also explored, including cell lineage, meristem activity, and polarity establishment. The chapter describes how light gradients, nutrient availability, and internal signals shape leaf architecture, including leaf shape, size, and venation patterns. It also covers heteroblasty, the transition from juvenile to adult leaf forms, and the significance of leaf plasticity in responding to drought, shade, and other environmental stresses. Finally, the chapter highlights the importance of leaf senescence and nutrient remobilization during the plant life cycle.

📚 Key Concepts Covered
🔸 Leaf anatomy: epidermis, mesophyll, stomata, veins
🔸 Palisade vs. spongy mesophyll cell arrangement
🔸 Stomatal function and guard cell regulation
🔸 Chloroplast distribution and light gradients
🔸 Blue light signaling and circadian control
🔸 Abscisic acid (ABA) and drought-induced stomatal closure
🔸 Leaf development and meristem activity
🔸 Polarity in leaf formation (adaxial vs. abaxial)
🔸 Environmental adaptation: thickness, venation, stomatal density
🔸 Heteroblasty and developmental phase transitions
🔸 Leaf plasticity in response to light and water stress
🔸 Nutrient remobilization during senescence
🔸 Leaf architecture and photosynthetic efficiency
🔸 Leaf hydraulic conductance and water use
🔸 Cell lineage and gene expression during leaf formation
🔸 Microtubules and morphogenesis
🔸 Leaf surface features: trichomes, cuticle
🔸 Vein patterning and auxin flow
🔸 Shade avoidance and sun vs. shade leaf morphology
🔸 Integration of leaf function with whole-plant physiology







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