(1) United Kingdom England, London City Tour 2023 | Sightseeing Tour around the City 2023 | 英國 伦敦街景

London (/ˈlʌndən/) is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a 50-mile (80 km) estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for two millennia. The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as Londinium and retains its medieval boundaries. The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national government and parliament. Since the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which since 1965 has largely comprised Greater London, which is governed by 33 local authorities and the Greater London Authority.

As one of the world's major global cities, London exerts a strong influence on its arts, entertainment, fashion, commerce and finance, education, health care, media, science and technology, tourism, and transport and communications. Its GDP (€801.66 billion in 2017) makes it the largest urban economy in Europe, and it is one of the major financial centres in the world. With Europe's largest concentration of higher education institutions, it is home to some of the highest-ranked academic institutions in the world—Imperial College London in natural and applied sciences, the London School of Economics in social sciences, and the comprehensive University College London. London is the most visited city in Europe and has the busiest city airport system in the world. The London Underground is the oldest rapid transit system in the world.

London's diverse cultures encompass over 300 languages. The mid-2018 population of Greater London of about 9 million made it Europe's third-most populous city, accounting for 13.4% of the population of the United Kingdom and over 16% of the population of England. The Greater London Built-up Area is the fourth-most populous in Europe with about 9.8 million inhabitants at the 2011 census. The London metropolitan area is the third-most populous in Europe with about 14 million inhabitants in 2016, granting London the status of a megacity.

London has four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the combined Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and also the historic settlement in Greenwich, where the Royal Observatory, Greenwich defines the prime meridian (0° longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. Other landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, and Trafalgar Square. London has many museums, galleries, libraries and cultural venues, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Natural History Museum, Tate Modern, British Library, and numerous West End theatres. Important sporting events held in London include the FA Cup Final (held annually at Wembley Stadium), Wimbledon Tennis Championships and the London Marathon. In 2012, London became the first city to host three Summer Olympic Games.

伦敦，是英国首都，也是英国最大城市以及其构成国英格兰的首府。位于泰晤士河流域，于公元50年由罗马人建立，取名为伦蒂尼恩，在此后两个世纪内为这一地区最重要的定居点之一。伦敦的历史核心区——伦敦市仍旧维持其中世纪的界限，面积606.95平方哩（1,572.0平方千米），2019年人口为898.2万，为全英格兰最大的城市。自19世纪起，“伦敦”一称亦用于指称围绕这一核心区开发的周围地带。这一城区集合自1965年起构成大伦敦行政区，由32个伦敦自治市加上伦敦市组成，由伦敦市长及伦敦议会管辖。

伦敦亦是一个全球城市在文艺、商业、教育、娱乐、时尚、金融、健康、媒体、专业服务、研究与开发、旅游和交通方面都具有显著的地位，同时还是全球主要金融中心之一，根据计算，为全球国内生产总值第六大的都市区。伦敦亦是全球文化首都之一，还是全球国际访客数量最多的城市，根据客流量计算则拥有全球最为繁忙的城市机场系统。伦敦是全球领先投资地，吸引很多国际零售商来投资[30]，个人净资产值高于其它城市。伦敦拥有43所大学，其高等教育机构密集度在全欧洲最高。2012年，伦敦成为史上首座三次举办现代夏季奥林匹克运动会的城市。

伦敦的人口和文化十分多样，在大伦敦地区内使用的语言就超过300种。这一区域2015年的官方统计人口为8,673,713，人口占全英国的12.5%。在2020年英国脱离欧盟之前，伦敦的城市区为欧盟第二大，根据2011年普查其人口达到9,787,426，仅次于巴黎。其都市区为欧洲最大，人口达13,614,409[注 3][38]，而大伦敦政府则称伦敦都市区的总人口为2,100万。1831年—1925年间，伦敦为世界最大的城市。

有四项世界遗产位于伦敦，分别为：伦敦塔；邱园；西敏宫、西敏寺和圣玛格丽特教堂；以及格林尼治历史区（其中的皇家天文台为本初子午线、0°经线和格林尼治标准时间所经之地)。其他著名景点包括白金汉宫、伦敦眼、皮卡迪利圆环、圣保罗座堂、伦敦塔桥、特拉法加广场和碎片大厦。伦敦亦是诸多博物馆、画廊、图书馆、体育运动及其他文化机构的所在地，包括大英博物馆、国家美术馆、泰特现代艺术馆、大英图书馆以及40家西区剧院[42]。伦敦地铁是全球最古老的地下铁路网络。