Скачать или смотреть Backend Engineer Roadmap: 9 Core Fundamentals to Master (Concepts, Not Tools)

Aspiring backend engineer or recent graduate? This video walks you through the core fundamentals that actually make you good at backend engineering—without fixating on specific tools, frameworks, or databases.
Instead of talking about Django, Node.js, Kafka, or Postgres, we focus on the concepts underneath them. The goal is to understand why things work the way they do—for example, why TCP has slow-start behavior, or why WebSockets are used for long-lived bi-directional communication—so you can make solid architectural decisions in any tech stack.
What you’ll learn (Core Backend Fundamentals):
Communication Protocols
Understand the foundations of network communication, from low-level protocols like TCP and UDP to higher-level concepts such as HTTP/1, HTTP/2, HTTP/3, WebSockets, and gRPC, and when to use each.


Web Servers
How web servers serve static vs. dynamic content, the impact of single-threaded vs. multi-threaded models, and how built-in caching strategies affect performance and scalability.


Database Engineering
The difference between relational databases and NoSQL systems, what ACID properties really mean, and why teams sometimes relax strict atomicity and consistency guarantees to achieve better scalability.


Proxies & Service Meshes
The role of forward proxies and reverse proxies in modern backend architecture—especially with microservices—including load balancing, caching layers, and TLS termination, plus how service meshes extend these ideas across large systems.


Caching Strategies
When (and when not) to use caching, the trade-offs between stateful and stateless systems, and why cache invalidation is considered one of the hardest problems in computer science.


Messaging Systems
Core ideas behind message queues (e.g., RabbitMQ, 0MQ) and publish/subscribe systems (e.g., Kafka), why decoupling services matters, and how message-based architectures keep large systems reliable and scalable.


Web Frameworks
What web frameworks actually do for you under the hood and how they help you build Web APIs—whether REST or gRPC—without getting lost in framework-specific details.


Message Formats
Trade-offs between XML, JSON, and Protocol Buffers, including verbosity vs. efficiency and why formats like Protobuf are popular when bandwidth and performance really matter.


Security Fundamentals
The basics of encryption, TLS (Transport Layer Security), secure handling of database credentials and secrets, and how to think about mitigating Denial of Service (DoS) style attacks at the backend layer.