What Do Vitamins Actually Do? (Vitamin Lore)

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This is the Vitamin Tierlist - vitamins play many important roles in our bodies and the biochemistry that vitamins do is pretty neat!

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0:00 Intro
2:45 sponsor
4:43 A
11:34 B1
17:24 B2
19:56 B3
22:45 B5
24:30 B6
27:09 B7
28:24 B9
30:29 B12
31:47 C
35:48 D
38:09 E
41:38 K

Team
Writer/Producer - That Chemist (Joey)
Editor/Animator - ReformLabs
Research/Production Assistant - Exergonick
Technical Lead - Polygorg (Georg)
3D Systems Engineer - Robot Chicken

Acknowledgements
This video was made possible with help from several members of the TC Discord Community, especially Gocker (protein modelling expertise) & Ballerene (biochemistry expertise). Also ‪@ExplosionsAndFire‬ !
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References
Neurotoxin Tierlist    • Which Neurotoxin is the Worst? (Neuro...  
Medicosis (corn tortillas)    • Pellagra (Vitamin B3 Deficiency)  
Vitamin B12 part 1    • R.B. Woodward Total Synthesis of Vita...  
Vitamin B12 part 2    • R.B. Woodward Total Synthesis of Vita...  
‪@MedicosisPerfectionalis‬    • Biochemistry (New)  

General nutrient information https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...
First vitamins https://doi.org/10.4066/AMJ.2013.1588.
Essential Nutrient an overview https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/...
Early vitamin paper https://doi.org/10.1246/NIKKASHI1880.....
Fat Soluble Vitamins https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...
Water Soluble Vitamins https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...
Vitamin K https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vit...
Vitamin A and Carotenoids https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vit...
Vitamin A and retinoid signaling https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Consequences of Vitamin A Deficiency https://doi.org/10.3390/IJMS21155570
Vitamin A Toxicity https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...
The Golden Rice Project https://www.goldenrice.org/
Thiamine https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Thi...
Dry Beriberi in a Man https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-1947-4-409
Beriberi. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(95)...
Relevance of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo30...
Thiamine Pyrophosphate an overview https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/...
Riboflavin https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Rib...
Niacin https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Nia...
Nixtamalization https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/...
Nicotinic Acid Deficiency an overview https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/...
Pantothenic Acid https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Pan...
Vitamin B6 https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vit...
Biotin https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Bio...
Folate https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Fol...
Vitamin B12 https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vit...
Vitamin C https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vit...
Vitamin D https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vit...
Vitamin E https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vit...
Vitamin K https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vit...
Vitamin digestion and absorption - https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map04977
Biosynthesis of cofactors - https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map0124

Pathway information:
Vitamin A Retinol https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00830
Vitamin B1 Thiamine https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00730
Vitamin B2 Riboflavin https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00740
Vitamin B3 Niacin https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00760+...
Vitamin B5 Pantothenic Acid Beta alanine metabolism https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00410
CoA synthesis https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00770
Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00750
Vitamin B7 Biotin https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00780
Vitamin B9 Folate/folic acid https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00790
Vitamin B12 Cobalamin https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00860+...
Vitamin C Ascorbic acid https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map0005
Glutathione https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00480
Vitamin D steroid biosynthesis https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map0010
Vitamin E Tocopherol https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00130+...
https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map01110+...
Vitamin K Phytonadione https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/map00130+...
Relevant human Proteins found in RCSB PDB RCSB.org 10.1093/nar/28.1.235
And predicted proteins found at https://www.uniprot.org/