INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION | CLASS 12 | LEC 1 | BY : DHIRAJ SIR | MGIEDU

Introduction to #internationalorganizations
Definition and Role:
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Explain what international organizations (IOs) are.
Highlight their importance in global governance.
Focus on how IOs promote cooperation, development, peace, and security.
Types of International Organizations:

Governmental (Intergovernmental Organizations - IGOs):
Examples: United Nations ( #UN ), World Health Organization #WHO , International Monetary Fund (IMF), #worldtradeorganization (WTO).
#nongovernmentalorganization (NGOs):
Examples: #amnestyinternational , #redcross , Greenpeace.
Major International Organizations and Their Functions
United Nations (UN):

Established in 1945 after World War II.
Main Organs of the UN:
General Assembly
Security Council
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
Secretariat
Agencies of the UN:
WHO, UNESCO, UNICEF, UNDP.
Functions:
Peacekeeping, conflict resolution, development programs, humanitarian aid.
World Bank Group:

Aims to reduce poverty by providing loans to developing countries.
Key institutions: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Development Association (IDA).
International Monetary Fund (IMF):

Promotes international monetary cooperation and exchange rate stability.
Provides financial assistance to countries in economic crises.
World Trade Organization (WTO):

Deals with global trade rules.
Ensures free and fair trade among member countries.
World Health Organization (WHO)
Coordinates international public health efforts.
Key role during pandemics like COVID-19.
International Labour Organization (ILO):

Promotes social justice and international labor standards.
Challenges Faced by International Organizations
Political Conflicts and Power Dynamics:

Influence of powerful nations in organizations like the UN Security Council.
Example: Veto power of the five permanent members (USA, Russia, China, UK, France).
Financial Constraints:

Dependence on funding from member states.
Uneven contributions affecting the performance of these organizations.
Global Issues:

Global challenges like climate change, terrorism, and pandemics are difficult to tackle without full cooperation from all countries.
Relevance of International Organizations in the Modern World
Globalization and Interdependence:

IOs play a crucial role in managing the consequences of globalization.
Economic cooperation, environmental sustainability, and peacekeeping are more relevant today than ever.
Role in Sustainable Development:

UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the role of international organizations in achieving them.


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