सफेद मक्खी करता है करोड़ो का नुकसान | How To Control WhiteFly? | White Fly Organic Control

सफेद मक्खी करता है करोड़ो का नुकसान | How To Control White Fly? | White Fly Organic Control
#whitefly #insecticide #pest_control

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Yellow sticky traps are a common method for monitoring many pests, but it has not been shown whether they could be used as a control method. In this study the impact of yellow sticky traps on the population dynamics of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was determined in the greenhouse and field. In the greenhouse, yellow sticky traps significantly suppressed the population increase .

Keywords : entire crop growth period, population dynamics

INTRODUCTION

Sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was first recorded in Greece in 1889 (). It has become one of the most serious agricultural pests in many areas of the world in recent decades. This pest can cause damage through feeding, causing sooty mold by its honeydew, transmitting more than 111 species of plant-pathogenic viruses, and inducing plant physiological discords (Brown 1994; Heinz 1996; ). The worldwide losses caused by this pest exceed $300 million annually (De Barro and Driver 1997; White 1998). The actual number of biotypes of this pest is unknown, but at least 24 different biotypes have been identified (Perring 2001), of which biotype B is the most serious and widely distributed one. Bemisia tabaci biotype B, which is synonymous with Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring, has a wide range of hosts, attacking more than 500 different species of plants including fruits, vegetables, fiber, and ornamental crops (). In past 20 years, biotype B has spread rapidly around the world to become a major crop pest in tropical and subtropical regions


Bemisia tabaci, especial biotype B, is difficult to control because of its high resistance to many insecticides available in the market, its wide range of hosts, and rapid rate of development and reproduction (; ). In China, the control of B. tabaci mainly relies on chemical insecticides, which has caused many serious problems (). It is necessary to explore some non-chemical methods to control this pest effectively and to significantly reduce the spray of chemical insecticides.

Yellow sticky traps are a commonly used method for population monitoring of many pests. In recent decades, studies of these traps mainly focused on how to use them to monitor populations of pest species such as whiteflies, leafminers, and aphids (Berlinger 1980; Byrne et al. 1986; ; ; ; ). In recent years, yellow sticky traps have also been used as a method for the control of some pests, especially for the control of whitefly. The combination of yellow sticky traps and parasitoids has proven to be an effective method for the control of B. tabaci in a greenhouse (; Gu et al. 2008). Abdel-Megeed et al. (1998) also demonstrated that for control purposes, yellow sticky traps can significantly reduce the density of B. tabaci in field. But all these mentioned studies about the effect of traps on whitefly were conducted during only part of a crop's growing period. Thus, it is unknown if yellow sticky traps are an effective method for whitefly control for the entire crop growth period from transplantation to harvest. Additionally, all aforementioned studies were done in a single season, and thus it is unknown if these traps are effective over several seasons. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the impact of yellow sticky traps on the population dynamics of B. tabaci through the whole growth period of crops and over several years, in order to determine if these traps are an effective control for this key pest in the greenhouse and in the field
. The art paper was painted lemon yellow on both sides, sealed with a thin transparent plastic cover, and smeared with sticky glue. During the experiments, the traps were hung about 30 cm above the crop canopies and could be adjusted vertically whenever the crop attained additional growth.

Eggplant, Solanum melongena L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) was used as the host plant of B. tabaci, because eggplant is one of the most favorable host plants for B. tabaci and is also an important economic crop in China. It was therefore selected as a representative host plant in this report. Eggplants were seeded in plastic trays and allowed to grow up to the 4–6 leaf stage in a pest-free greenhouse. Plants were then transplanted into either greenhouse or field for trials.