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understanding polymorphism in java

polymorphism is one of the four fundamental object-oriented programming (oop) concepts, alongside encapsulation, inheritance, and abstraction. in java, polymorphism allows methods to do different things based on the object that it is acting upon. there are two types of polymorphism in java:

1. *compile-time polymorphism (method overloading)*
2. *runtime polymorphism (method overriding)*

1. compile-time polymorphism (method overloading)

compile-time polymorphism occurs when multiple methods have the same name but differ in the type or number of parameters. the method to be called is determined at compile time based on the method signature.

*example of method overloading:*



2. runtime polymorphism (method overriding)

runtime polymorphism occurs when a method in a subclass overrides a method in its superclass. the method that gets executed is determined at runtime based on the object type.

*example of method overriding:*



key points

*overloading* happens at compile time, while *overriding* happens at runtime.
in overloading, methods can coexist in the same class, while in overriding, the method in the subclass replaces the one in the parent class.
polymorphism increases flexibility and maintainability in code.

conclusion

polymorphism is a powerful feature in java that enhances the capability of object-oriented programming, allowing methods to be reused and making systems more modular. understanding and implementing polymorphism effectively can lead to cleaner and more maintainable code.

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