Hip Goniometry

HIP FLEXION (average: 120°)
Pt. position: Supine; stabilize the pelvis to prevent posterior tilting
Fulcrum: Greater trochanter
Stationary arm: Lateral midline of the pelvis
Moveable arm: Lateral midline of the femur to the lateral epicondyle
Note: Allow the knee to passively flex to reduce hamstring tension.

HAMSTRING FLEXIBILITY, EXTENDED KNEE HIP FLEXION (average: 70-80°)
Same position and landmarks as above except maintain knee extension. Ensure neutral pelvic alignment.

HIP ABDUCTION (average: 40°)
Pt. position: Supine; stabilize the pelvis to prevent lateral tilting
Fulcrum: Anterior ipsilateral ASIS
Stationary arm: The imaginary line extending from one ASIS to the other
Moveable arm: Anterior midline of the femur to the midline of the patella
Note: Maintain neutral hip rotation.

HIP ADDUCTION (average: 20°)
Pt. position: Supine; stabilize the pelvis to prevent lateral tilting
Fulcrum: Anterior ipsilateral ASIS
Stationary arm: The imaginary line extending from one ASIS to the other
Moveable arm: Anterior midline of the femur to the midline of the patella
Note: Abduct the contralateral extremity to allow space for full ROM. Maintain neutral hip rotation.

HIP EXTENSION (average: 20-30°)
Pt. position: Prone; stabilize the pelvis to prevent anterior tilting
Fulcrum: Greater trochanter
Stationary arm: Lateral midline of the pelvis
Moveable arm: Lateral midline of the femur to the lateral epicondyle
Note: A pillow may be placed under the abdomen for comfort. Maintain knee extension to limit tension of the rectus femoris.

HIP INTERNAL ROTATION (average: 40-45°)
Pt. position: Sitting (may also be performed prone or supine); stabilize the distal femur
Fulcrum: Anterior aspect of the patella
Stationary arm: Perpendicular or parallel to the supporting surface
Moveable arm: The lower leg’s anterior midline, along the tibial crest to midway between the malleoli
Note: Place towel beneath distal femur to maintain horizontal alignment. Prevent abduction or adduction of the hip and watch for pelvic tilting and lateral trunk flexion.

HIP EXTERNAL ROTATION (average: 45-50°)
Pt. position: Sitting (may also be performed prone or supine); stabilize the distal femur
Fulcrum: Anterior aspect of the patella
Stationary arm: Perpendicular or parallel to the supporting surface
Moveable arm: The lower leg’s anterior midline, along the tibial crest to midway between the malleoli
Note: Place towel beneath distal femur to maintain horizontal alignment. Prevent abduction or adduction of the hip and watch for pelvic tilting and lateral trunk flexion.