Скачать или смотреть The Silent Threat of Cervical Cancer: Are You at Risk? - Dr Rayman

Cervical cancer is a significant public health issue that affects women worldwide. It ranks as one of the most common cancers among women, yet it is also one of the most preventable and treatable forms of cancer when detected early. Understanding the disease and the role of regular screening can save lives and improve health outcomes.

What is Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer begins in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Most cases are caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection. While many HPV infections resolve on their own, some can lead to cellular changes that develop into cervical cancer over time.

Risk Factors
Several factors can increase the risk of cervical cancer, including:
Persistent HPV infection with high-risk strains, Smoking, which weakens the immune system. Having a weakened immune system, such as from HIV/AIDS, Long-term use of oral contraceptives, Early sexual activity and multiple sexual partners, which increase exposure to HPV, Lack of regular cervical cancer screening.


Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
In its early stages, cervical cancer often has no symptoms, which makes screening crucial. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:
Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as after intercourse or between periods. Unusual vaginal discharge. Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse.

These symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, so it is essential to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis.


The Importance of Screening

Regular cervical cancer screening is one of the most effective ways to detect precancerous changes or early-stage cancer. Early detection dramatically improves treatment outcomes and survival rates. Two primary screening tests are available:

Pap Smear (Papanicolaou Test): This test detects abnormal cells in the cervix that may develop into cancer. Women should begin Pap smear screening at age 21 and continue at regular intervals as recommended by their healthcare provider.

HPV Test: This test identifies high-risk HPV infections that can lead to cervical cancer. It is often used in conjunction with the Pap smear or as a primary screening tool for women over 30.


Screening Guidelines
Screening recommendations may vary based on age and risk factors, but general guidelines include:

Women aged 21-29: Pap smear every three years.

Women aged 30-65: Pap smear and HPV co-testing every five years or Pap smear alone every three years.

Women over 65: Screening may stop if they have had consistent normal results and are not at high risk.


Prevention and Vaccination

In addition to regular screening, HPV vaccination is a powerful tool for preventing cervical cancer. Vaccines like Gardasil and Cervarix protect against the most common cancer-causing HPV strains. Vaccination is most effective when given before exposure to HPV, typically recommended for preteens but also available for adults up to age 45.