Safety in Cerebral Angiogram: How to Eliminate Clots and Air Bubbles in Catheters to Prevent Stroke?

To prevent strokes during cerebral angiogram, it is important to know what causes stroke during angiography:

- Clot: Stagnant blood in the catheter, catheter hub, or between inner catheter wall and inner wire or inner catheter;
- Air: Either in catheter hob or between inner catheter wall and inner wire or inner catheter. Air could also come from syringes.

Air or clot can be accidentally pushed forward into the cerebral vasculature causing vessel occlusion and stroke.

This tutorial comes in 3 chapters.
-------------------
CHAPTER 1 - DOUBLE FLUSHING OPEN SYSTEM CATHETER

Proper catheter backward and forward flushing with heparinized saline, also known as "double-flushing", reduces risk of stroke during procedure. Let's see how.

 
CHAPTER 2 - DOUBLE FLUSHING CLOSED SYSTEM CATHETER
In closed systems, i.e., catheters on a continuous heparinized saline flush, same principles of double flushing is applicable, with few modifications.


CHAPTER 3 - INSERTING INNER CATHETERS OR WIRES


Timecodes:
0:00 - Introduction
0:32 - Chapter 1: Double Flushing an Open System Catheter
3:47 - Double Flushing a Microcatheter
4:33 - Additional Tips
5:07 - Chapter 2: Double Flushing a Closed System Catheter
6:58 - Chapter 3: Avoiding Air Introduction when Inserting Wires or Catheters

education #training #cerebral #angiogram #angiography #cerebral_angiogram #fellow #interventional #interventional_neuroradiology #neurology #surgical_neuroangiography #neuroendovascular_surgery #neurointervention #interventional_neurology #endovascular_neurosurgery #safetyfirst #safety